Unit 2-Glossary Flashcards
Aldehyde
Compound with a carbonyl functional group (C=O) at the end of the molecule
At the side
Ketone
Compound with a carbonyl functional group (C=O) within the carbon chain
Not on it’s own
Peptide link
Amide link found in proteins
CONH
Amide link
a group of atoms formed by condensation
polymerisation of amino acids during the formation of proteins. The amide link can be identified as -CO-NH
Condensation
reaction in which two molecules combine to form a
larger molecule at the same time eliminating a small
molecule such as water
Denaturing
physical alteration of the molecular shape of a protein
(or other molecule) as a result of temperature or pH
changes
Enzymes
protein molecules which act as catalysts in biological
processes
Essential Amino
Acids
An amino acid that the body cannot make and must be obtained in diet.
Free radicals
atoms or molecule containing unpaired electrons
Free radical
scavengers
molecules which can react with free radicals to form
stable molecules and prevent chain reactions
Hydrogenation
Addition of hydrogen to a carbon to carbon
multiple bond
breaking C=C
Hydrolysis
the breakdown of a molecule by reaction with water
Oxidation
Reaction that results in increase in oxygen to hydrogen ratio.
For carbon compounds
Reduction
Reaction that results in decrease in oxygen to hydrogen ratio.
For carbon compounds
Polyunsaturated
molecule which has more than one carbon to carbon
bond
Polyunsaturated
molecule which has more than one carbon to carbon
bond
Proteins
Polymer made from joining of amino acids
Saponification/Alkaline hydrolysis
the process by which soaps are made from fats and
oils in a hydrolysis reaction
Systematic name of isoprene
Full name
2-methylbuta-1,3-diene
Terpenes
Compounds that are often found in essential oils formed by joining together isoprene units
Essential oils
Concentrated extracts of the volatile, non-water soluble aroma compounds from plants
Volatility
Measure of ease of evaporation
Viscosity
Measure of thickness of a liquid
Triglycerides
molecules formed through the condensation of one
glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules
Unsaturated
Molecules with at least one carbon to carbon double bond
C=C
Systematic name of isoprene
Full name
2-methylbuta-1,3-diene
