Unit 2 - General and Extra-oral Inspection/ Assesment Flashcards
1
Q
Above
A
Superior
2
Q
Posterior
A
Behind
3
Q
Inferior
A
Under
4
Q
Anterior
A
Front
5
Q
Medial
A
Closer to midline
6
Q
Lateral
A
Further from midline
7
Q
How many bones are in the whole body?
A
206
8
Q
Which cells form bone?
A
Osteoblasts
9
Q
Which primary minerals give bones its rigidness?
A
Calcium
Phosphate
10
Q
What are the 3 layers of bone?
A
Periosteum
Compact bone
Cancellous bone
11
Q
Layer of bone that is a thin layer of whitish connective tissue; contains nerves and blood vessels
A
Periosteum
12
Q
Type of bone that is dense and strong; forms outer layer of bone aka “Cortical Plate”
A
Compact Bone
13
Q
The “Spongey Bone”; has trabeculae that forms the pattern of spaces which are filled with bone marrow
A
Cancellous Bone
14
Q
Which bone layer forms blood cells?
A
Cancellous
15
Q
What are some functions of bones?
A
Gives body shape and form
Protects vital structures/organs
Provides support
Forms blood cells
16
Q
How many bones are in the skull?
A
28
17
Q
How many cranium bones are there?
A
8
18
Q
How many facial bones are there?
A
14
19
Q
How many auditory bones are there?
A
6
20
Q
Which bones make up the Cranium?
How many/ which have a pair?
A
8 bones: Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Temporal x2 Parietal x2 Occipital
21
Q
The “Butterfly Bone”
A
Sphenoid Bone
22
Q
A thin cranium bone behind the eyes and nose
A
Ethmoid
23
Q
What are the 8 landmarks of the cranium?
A
Sutures Ridges Foramen (plural: Foramina) Protruberances Processes Fossas Eminence Meatus
24
Q
A thin layer of fibrous tissue that unites bones to form an immovable joint
A
Suture
25
Suture that joins the frontal bone with the parietal bones
Coronal Suture
26
Suture that joins the parietal and temporal bones
Squamosal suture
27
Suture that joins 2 parietal bones to the occipital bone
Lambdoidal suture
28
Suture that joins the parietal bones
Sagittal suture
29
What is a ridge?
| Example and location?
Cranium landmark
Long narrow elevation of bone
ie - Supraorbital ridge; above the eye
30
What is a foramen? (plural foramina)
| Example and location?
Cranium landmark
A natural opening in bone or a tooth where blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass through
ie - supraorbital foramen; on supraorbital ridges off centered towards the nose
31
What is a protuberance?
| Example?
Cranium landmark
A bony projection or bulge
ie - occipital protruberance;
32
Opening for spinal cord in the cranium
Foramen Magnum
33
What is a process?
| Example and location?
- Cranium landmark
- An extension of bone from its main body
- Acts as attatchment/insertion sites for muscles and ligaments
ie - extention of the temporal bone; behind ear
34
Which landmark is named after its neighboring bone due to its placement?
Process
35
Pen line extension of temporal bone
Styloid Process
36
What is a fossa? (pl Fossae)
| Example and location?
Cranium landmark
A shallow depression in bone
ie - glennoid fossa; debression where mandible joins temporal bone in TMJ
37
What is an eminence?
Cranium landmark
A rounded projection/elevation on a bone
ie - articular eminence; projection of temporal bone that stops mandible from over extending
38
What is a meatus?
| Mee-ay-tus
Cranium landmark
External opening of a canal
ie - external auditory meatus
39
How many facial bones are there?
14
40
What are the names of the facial bones?
| Which ones are not doubled?
```
Maxilla x2
Palatine x2
Zygomatic (zygoma) x2
Nasal x2
Lacrimal x2
Inferior Conchae x2
```
Mandible
Vomer
41
Suture that unites the Maxilla(s)
Median palatine suture
42
Functions of Maxilla
- forms shape of upper face
- supports maxillary dentition
- forms floor of nose
- forms part of orbital cavity
43
How many process does the maxilla have?
| What are they called?
4 processes
- Alveolar
- Frontal
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
44
Location of alveolar process of the maxilla
Above maxillary dentition
45
Location of frontal process of the maxilla
Runs up side of the nose
46
Location of zygomatic process of the maxilla
Mesial to "cheek bones"
47
Location of zygomatic process of the maxilla
Anterior 1/3 of palate
48
How many sutures are in the palate?
2
49
Suture that joins maxilla and palatine bones
Transverse Suture
50
Where are the infraorbital foramina?
superior to maxillary bicuspids
51
Where are the posterior superior alveolar (PSA) foramina?
Superior to 17 and 27 distal buccal root
52
Where is the incisive foramen?
posterior to central incisors in palate surface
53
Where is the maxillary tuberosity?
Distal to the last molar on either side
| Slants up and back
54
Where are the maxillary sinuses?
Under each eye beside nose
55
Functions of the maxillary sinuses
- gives depth to voice
- lightens bone weight
- believed to store warm air for respiratory process
56
Name 4 maxilla landmarks
- maxilla tuberosity
- maxillary sinuses
- nasal cavity
- infraorbital ridges
57
What is the alveolar process of the maxilla responsible for?
Supporting maxillary dentition
58
A layer of compact bone that overlies the cancellous bone of the alveolar process on the mandible and maxilla.
Cortical plate
59
Why is the maxilla bone lighter than the mandible bone?
- has less cortical plate, more cancellous bone
| - maxillary sinuses
60
Bone that lines tooth socket (alveolus)
Lamina Dura
61
What is the lamina dura made of?
Compact bone
62
Key characteristics of lamina dura
- contains many openings for bloodvessels, nerves, and lymph tissues to supply periodontal ligaments
- fibres of periodontal ligaments are firmly embedded to this bone
63
Where are the greater palatine foramina located?
adjacent to 2nd/3rd max. molars
64
Which bone are the greater palatine foramina a part of ?
Palatine Bone
65
Which two bones create "the roof" of the mouth?
Maxilla (anterior) Palatine (posterior)
66
Suture that joins palatine and maxilla bones
Transverse Palatine Suture
67
Line of fusion where two halves of mandible join
Symphysis menti
68
4 examples of mandible functions
1) forms shape for lower half of face
2) forms floor of the mouth by allowing tissue attachment
3) supports mandibular dentition
4) allows movement for speech, chewing, etc
69
the _______ of the mandible inserts into the ____ _____ of the ________ _______.
the CONDYLE of the mandible inserts into the GLENOID FOSSA of the TEMPORAL BONE
