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US History > Unit 2 - Forming a Nation > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Forming a Nation Flashcards

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1
Q

indentured servant

A

an individual who signs a contract agreeing to work for another for a specific time in return for paying back travel to the American Colonies and living expenses

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2
Q

loose pack

A

slaves given some room to turn around and not touch another person

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3
Q

Middle Passage

A

route on the Triangle of Trade transporting slaves from Africa to the Americas

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4
Q

tight pack

A

loading as many slaves as possible onto a slave ship

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5
Q

Triangle of Trade

A

systematic trade routes between Africa, Europe, and the Americas

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6
Q

benefits

A

value freely gained by entering into an economic relationship

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7
Q

costs

A

value freely given up by entering into an economic relationship

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8
Q

mercantilism

A

practice of creating and maintaining wealth for the mother countru by carefully controlling trade with its colonies

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9
Q

Navigation Acts

A

laws requiring all colonial trade to be taxes and pass through England before entering the Colonies

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10
Q

duties

A

taxes on imports or exports

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11
Q

import

A

trade goods coming into a country

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12
Q

export

A

trade goods leaving a country for another country

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13
Q

free enterprise

A

economic competition with little government control

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14
Q

militia

A

adult, male citizens enrolled in military service and called out for periodoc drills, but serving full time only in emergencies for their colony

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15
Q

Committee of Correspondence

A

created in the 1760s in Massachusetts to help towns and colonies share information about resisting the new British laws

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16
Q

Parliament

A

British law-making body

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17
Q

repeal

A

to end an act or law

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18
Q

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A

secret organization of men and women protesting British tax laws, formed by Samuel Adams

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19
Q

Stamp Act

A

(1765) tax on all printed materials: newspapers, legal documents, playing cards

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20
Q

Sugar Act

A

(1764) act passed in orer to raise revenue for England, taxes sugar and molasses

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21
Q

Tea Act

A

Parliament gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the tea business, this actually lowered the tax on tea but the colonists could only buy East Indian Tea

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22
Q

Townshend Act

A

(1767) indirect tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea

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23
Q

writs of assistance

A

blanket search warrants to search for smuggled goods

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24
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

(1773) event where colonists, disguised as Native Americans, dumped 342 tea chests into Boston Harbor

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25
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

(1774) law passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and tightened government control of Boston and Massachusetts, contained (4) parts

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26
Q

minutemen

A

colonial militia members who were ready to fight at a “minutes” notice

27
Q

natural rights

A

rights that all people possess that cannot be taken away or given, among these are life, liberty, and property

28
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

first of two conflicts of the American Revolution, outside of Boston on April 19, 1775, known as the “Shot Heard Round the World”

29
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Virginia politician, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”

30
Q

George Washington

A

commonand of the American military, founding father

31
Q

John Adams

A

Patriot, lawyer, spend much of Revolution War in Europe as a diplomat

32
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A

French man who gave money, time, and effort to the Patriot cause, fought alongside Gen. Washington

33
Q

John Paul Jones

A

Patriot, navy captain, won many sea battles: “I have not yet begun to fight!”

34
Q

Nathan Hale

A

Patriot, famous quatation “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”, captured and executed by the British for being a spy

35
Q

Mary Ludgwig Hayes (Molly Pitcher)

A

Patriot, took her husband’s place in battle, brought water to soldiers

36
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

American general, felt like he was treated badly by Patriots, so switched to British side

37
Q

General Cornwallis

A

British general who surrendered at Yorktown, ending the war

38
Q

Pulaski

A

Polish military man who helped train Patriot cavalry forces

39
Q

Kosciuszko

A

Polish military man who trained Patriots in army engineering skills

40
Q

Von Stueben

A

Prussian military man who trained Patriots to be disciplined, effective soldiers

41
Q

Hessians

A

soldiers from Germany who were hired to help British fight the Americans

42
Q

2nd Continental Congress

A

meeting in Philadelphia to decide how to react to Lexington-Concord; created Continental Army; chose Washington as commander of Continental Army

43
Q

The Crisis

A

written by Thomas Paine during the war; encouraged soldiers to stay and fight

44
Q

Breed’s Hill-Bunker Hill

A

near Boston, Americans inflicted heavy casualties on British before having to retreat, Americans ran out of ammunition

45
Q

Dorchester Heights

A

resulted in the British evacuation of Boston

46
Q

Fort Ticonderoga

A

New York fort that was captured by Patriots, artillery taken and used by Continental Army

47
Q

Trenton

A

Christmas night 1776, Americans surprise Hessians and defeat them

48
Q

Princeton

A

Washington defeated British; boosted Patriots’ confindence and American morale which was strongly needed

49
Q

Saratoga

A

Patriots won; Burgoyne lost after coming down from Canada; American victory, convinced France to join on the side of the Patriots

50
Q

Valley Forge

A

winter campsite of Continental Army and Washington; miserable cold, diseases, and lack of food and supplies killed more than 2500 soldiers, low point in morale, but demonstrated troop toughness

51
Q

Cowpens

A

took place in the South, British lose and retreat north

52
Q

Yorktown

A

final battle of Revolutionary War; Continental Army and French Navy surround British on land an sea, forcing Cornwallis to surrender after a 3 week siege

53
Q

Treaty of Paris (1783)

A

ended Revolutionary War; Britain recognizes American independence, new borders, and American rights to trade

54
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A

a failed protection plan for the American colonies during the French and Indian War proposed by Ben Franklin

55
Q

Guerilla Warfare

A

fighting in which soldiers/fighters use shift hit and run tactics, ambushes, and fighting from cover against an enemy

56
Q

Casualties

A

soldiers killed, wounded or missing in battle

57
Q

Treaty of Paris (1763)

A

treaty ending the French and Indian War, France lost nearly all claims in N.America and the British took control of Canada + east of Mississippi River

58
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A

Native Americans continued to fight the British and colonists in the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes after the French and Indian War officially ended

59
Q

salutary neglect

A

`British practice of not policing/controlling its colonial holdings, essentially leaving the colonies to govern themselves

60
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

law issued by King George III of England stating that colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mtns and any settlers living west of that line must move east of the line or be forced out

61
Q

1st Continental Congress

A

(1774) meeting of 56 delegates in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates wrote 10 resolutions to send to the King of England

62
Q

boycott

A

refuse to buy certain goods

63
Q

smuggle

A

to import or export without paying taxes on the item

64
Q

Declaratory Act

A

(1766) act of Parliament repealing the Stamp Act, but asserted Parliament’s authority to pass laws that were binding on the American Colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

US History (2 decks)

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