Unit 2: forces and translational dynamics Flashcards
What is Newtonβs First Law of Motion?
Newtonβs First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. This is also known as the law of inertia.
How do you draw a Free Body Diagram (FBD)?
To draw an FBD, represent the object as a point or simple shape, then draw arrows to show all the forces acting on the object. Include gravitational force, normal force, tension, friction, and applied forces. Make sure the length and direction of the arrows represent the magnitude and direction of each force.
What is the formula for calculating the force of friction?
The force of friction is given by πΉπ=ππΉπ, where πΉπ is the frictional force, π is the coefficient of friction, and πΉN is the normal force.
How does the force of gravity (weight) on an object depend on its mass and location?
The force of gravity is calculated by πΉπ=ππ, where πΉπ is the gravitational force (weight), π is the mass of the object, and π is the acceleration due to gravity. On Earth, πβ9.8m/s2, but π decreases with altitude and is different on other planets.
What is the formula for Newtonβs Second Law?
Newtonβs Second Law states that πΉ=ππ, where πΉ is the net force acting on an object, π is its mass, and π is its acceleration. This law explains how the velocity of an object changes when a force is applied.
How does an inclined plane affect the forces acting on an object?
When an object is on an inclined plane, the weight of the object is split into two components: one parallel to the plane πΉβ₯=ππsinπ, and one perpendicular to the plane πΉβ₯=ππcosπ, where π is the angle of the incline. The normal force is equal to πΉβ₯, and friction opposes motion along the plane.
What is tension, and how do you calculate it in a rope or string?
Tension is the force transmitted through a rope, string, or cable. To calculate tension, use the same principles as for Newtonβs Second Law. If there are no other forces, tension is equal to the force needed to accelerate the object it is attached to, π=ππ, where π is the mass of the object and π is its acceleration.
What is the formula for centripetal force in circular motion?
The centripetal force πΉπ required to keep an object moving in a circle is given by πΉπ=ππ£2, where π is the objectβs mass, π£ is its velocity, and π is the radius of the circular path
What is the difference between static and kinetic friction?
Static friction acts when an object is not moving and prevents it from starting to move. It can vary up to a maximum value, πΉmaxstatic=ππ πΉπ. Kinetic friction occurs when an object is moving and opposes its motion, with a constant force πΉπ=πππΉπ, where ππ is the coefficient of static friction, and ππ is the coefficient of kinetic friction.
What is the equilibrium condition for an object?
When the sum of all forces acting on it is zero (βπΉ=0), meaning there is no acceleration. This can be broken into two conditions: the sum of forces in the x-direction and y-direction must each be zero.
what is a force?
a push or pull that changes the state of motion or shape of an object. a force needs an agent to act. forces are vectors
contact forces
when objects are sharing a force by physically touching (friction)
long-range forces
when objects are sharing forces over a distance (gravity or magnetic)
what are some examples of forces?
weight (gravity pulling on you), spring force (spring scale), tension (ropes, only pull not push), normal force (you pushing on x, x pushing back on you), friction (static and kinetic), drag (air or water resistance), and thrust (propel an aircraft forward, newtons 3rd)
