Unit 2

Question 1

2. WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTCILES OF CONFEDERATION

Answer 1

The government established in 1781, was a confederation; each state was its own powerful entity and had its own tariffs and currencies, making it harder for interstate commerce to occur. The federal government lacked the power to tax and form a militia without the approval of all the states.

Question 2

1. STRENGTHS OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

Answer 2

The Articles protected against an oppressive central government, such as a monarchy or oligarchy, by placing power within the fragmented states.

Question 3

3. Land Ordinance of 1785:

Answer 3

It established that the settlement of a town would be six square miles and would contain land set aside for schools, setting a precedent for the public education system in the United States.

Question 4

4. Northwest Ordinance, 1787

Answer 4

It applied to the lands north of the Ohio River which had been established as the Northwest Territory.

Question 5

5. Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 5

A group of Massachusetts farmers led by Daniel Shays protested after taxes were raised to pay for Revolutionary debts in 1786.

Question 6

6. PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION

Answer 6

The convention ultimately scrapped the Articles and came up with the much more effective Constitution, in which various compromises were made to pacify sectional differences.

Question 6

7. VA Plan, NJ Plan

Answer 6

The Virginia Plan called for an executive branch with two houses of Congress which were both based on population.

Question 7

10. Slavery and the constitution: slave trade, three-fifths clause, Fugitive Slave law

Answer 7

the three-fifths clause, which lessened the power of the voting south by making the votes of three slaves equal that of five white votes; the Fugitive Slave Law, which captured and returned runaway slaves who fled into free territories,

Question 7

9. Checks and balances—examples

Answer 7

Examples of checks and balances in the Constitution are the congressional power to impeach the president and the presidential power to appoint his cabinet.

Question 8

11. George Mason, Bill of Rights

Answer 8

Mason was a delegate at the Constitutional Convention and helped draft the Constitution

Question 8

8. GREAT COMPROMISE

Answer 8

It provided for a presidency, a senate with states represented with two senators each, and a House of Representatives with representation according to population. The plan resolved the dilemma of using only one of the two self-serving documents in the Constitution.

Question 9

12. The ratification fights:

Answer 9

The fight in Virginia ended after the addition of the Bill of Rights, defeating Mason and Henry, and affected the decision in New York, where Hamilton won the fight using the “Federalist Papers.”

Question 10

13. The Federalist Papers, Jay, Hamilton, Madison:

Answer 10

The Federalist papers were written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison in 1788, during the Philadelphia Convention as a response to Antifederalist objections to the Constitution.

Question 11

14. Implied powers, elastic clause, necessary and proper clause:

Answer 11

An implied power is one not granted in a job description, yet is meant to be taken. The elastic clause was included into the Constitution to allow flexibility.

Question 12

16. Upper and Lower House

Answer 12

The senate was seen as the upper house because there were less delegates, the age requirement was higher, and the term limits were six years as opposed to two for the House of Representatives.

Question 13

15. RESERVED AND DELEGATED POWERS

Answer 13

The delegated powers of Congress included the ability to tax, issue currency, borrow money, declare war and sustain an army. All powers not stated specifically in the Constitution were reserved to the states as stated in the Tenth Amendment.

Question 13

17. Electoral College

Answer 13

In order to protect the interests of the elite, land owning class, the framers of the Constitution added the electoral college as a safeguard against the majority opinion.

Question 14

18. President George Washington

Answer 14

George Washington was elected president in 1788 and again in 1792.

Question 15

20. Bank of the U.S.:

Answer 15

The bank successfully established a national currency, but the charter ended in 1811, for economic and political reasons.

Question 16

19. Judiciary Act, 1789:

Answer 16

The Congress passed the Judiciary Act in 1789, in an effort to create a federal-court system and replace the old system, in which the courts varied from state to state.

Question 17

22. XYZ Affair, Talleyran

Answer 17

agents X, Y, Z, three officials who did not take the process seriously, would only negotiate for a lend of $10 million to the French government.

Question 17

21. Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 17

An organized resistance in 1794, to the excise tax on whiskey in which federal revenue officials were tarred and feathered, riots were conducted, and mobs burned homes of excise inspectors.

Question 18

23. Undeclared naval war with France

Answer 18

In the conflict, the United States managed to capture ninety-three French ships while France captured just one U.S. ship.

Question 19

24. Jay’s Treaty:

Answer 19

Negotiated between the United States and France in 1794, the treaty evacuated British posts in the West

Question 20

27. Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 20

Washington’s farewell address asked the citizens of the United States to avoid involvement in political problems between foreign nations.

Question 20

26. Barbary Pirates:

Answer 20

the Barbary pirates began to raid the ships of the United States.

Question 21

25. Battle of Fallen Timbers:

Answer 21

At the Battle of Fallen Timbers, in 1794, Anthony Wayne defeated a coalition of Native American tribes as the major general and commander in chief of the troops

Question 21

28. Federalists

Answer 21

The Federalist party was the starting point of the movement to draft and later ratify the new Constitution. It urged for a stronger national government to take shape after 1781.

Question 22

29. Democratic-Republicans:

Answer 22

It arose to power in the 1790s and opposed the Federalist party, while advocating states rights and an agricultural society.

Question 23

31. Second Great Awakening:

Answer 23

Occurring mainly in the frontier states, the Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and was characterized by “camp meetings,” or open air revivals which lasted for weeks at a time where revivalists spoke of the second coming of Jesus.

Question 23

30. Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 23

The Alien Enemies Act allowed the President to export aliens during times of war and the Sedition Act made it a criminal offense to plot against the government.

Question 24

32. Fugitive Slave Law:

Answer 24

This law indicated tightening racial tensions, as well as stripped slaves of the right to trial by jury or presentation of evidence of freedom.

Question 25

33. JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY

Answer 25

Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from the French, though a Constitutional violation.

Question 26

34. LOUISIANA PURCHASE

Answer 26

Jefferson obtained the territory for $15 million, and was ratified as a treaty by the Senate, though purchasing the territory was Constitutionally illegal and going beyond his presidential rights.

Question 26

35. Hamilton-Burr duel

Answer 26

Election of 1800 Between Jefferson and Burr, had turned to the House of Representatives for the decision of the next president Burr’s election in 1804, for the governor of NY State, where Hamilton opposed him, again. Dueled Hamilton on July 11, 1804, where Hamilton was killed.

Question 27

36. Lewis and Clark:

Answer 27

They explored the vast territory west of the Mississippi River by the US, when they were commissioned by Jefferson.

Question 28

40. War against Great Britain

Answer 28

For the most part, the Napoleonic Wars were played out in Europe, and the French accepted the United States merchant marine neutrality by the Berlin and Milan Decrees.

Question 28

38. Tecumseh

Answer 28

A Shawnee leader, who fought against the United States expansion into the Midwest.

Question 28

37. Impressment:

Answer 28

Used by the British to regain deserters from the Royal Navy to American vessels during 1790 to 1812.

Question 29

39. War Hawks

Answer 29

A group of militants in Madison’s Democratic-Republican party, who wanted more aggressive policies toward the hostile British and French.

Question 30

41. Results of the War of 1812

Answer 30

. The Treaty of Ghent secured US maritime rights and peace around Europe and the Americas.

Question 30

42. Jackson’s victory at New Orleans

Answer 30

Jackson captured New Orleans with a small army against the British army

Question 31

43. Treaty of Ghent:

Answer 31

This was an agreement between the United States and Great Britain, in Belgium, on December 24, 1814.

Question 32

44. Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 32

It was the treaty in 1819 that purchased eastern Florida to establish the boundary between Mexico and the Louisiana territory.

Question 33

45. MONROE DOCTRINE:

Answer 33

President Monroe’s message to Congress on Dec. 2, 1823, it consisted of 3 principles

Question 34

46. Era of good feelings

Answer 34

This phrase exemplifies both of Monroe’s presidencies, from 1816-1824.