Unit 2 flash cards/stuff
Government
-Any group of people living together in a country, state, city, or local community that have to live by certain rules
-Public governments refer to governments of a nation, state, city, province, or village.
-Private governments are used in informal ways such as to bring order to a club, family, or corporation.
-Responsibilities of Government are to make laws,enforce laws,Defend,Protect that society, Trading and taxing the citizens.
-Common Elements of a government Sovereignty,legitimacy and jurisdiction
-Sovereignty refers to the power and authority the government has over its people and land.
- Legitimacy refers to whether or not the citizens recognize the power of the government and that the government has authority
-Jurisdiction is the right a government has to make laws and enforce those laws within certain geographical borders.
democracy
-citizens hold the power
-Decision making power for people/cityzens
representative democracy
-citizens elect officials to represent them in the government
-Citizens choose who to be a government and can choose what to do.
-If they don’t like that government that can chose a new one.
direct democracy
-Every person’s vote counts when making decisions
-Everyone votes count for every major thing
oligarchy
a group of rich landowners known as aristocrats held all of the power
autocracy
-one person with absolute power
-One person runs the government
monarchy
-Form of autocracy, or rule by 1
-There is one monarch that rules -a king or queen
-Monarchs comes to power through their family line
In modern times, most
monarchies are constitutional monarchies because they are subject to the country’s
constitution
-Modern day examples: United Kingdom, Norway, and Saudi Arabia
dictatorship
- leaders or leaders hold ultimate power
-Rules by force
-Making all government decisions
theocracy
-A theocracy is a government that recognizes God or divine being ultimate authority
-theocracy can be democracy,dictatorship and monarchy.
tribe
-A collection of families headed usually by male members of the community.
-If a male ran the tribe it is called patriarchal
-If a Female ran a tribe it is called Matriarchal
-Tribes are social groups of many families, clans, or generations that share the same language, customs, and beliefs.
anarchy
-lack of government
-A society that lacks any form of government is said to be living in anarchy
matriarchal
- Tribe led by females
-Tribes are social groups of many families, clans, or generations that share the same language, customs, and beliefs.
BC
-before christ
-Years count backwards
-Ex Julius Caesar born 100 BC died in 64BC
patriarchal
-A tribe led by men
-Tribes are social groups of many families, clans, or generations that share the same language, customs, and beliefs.
BCE
-before common era
-This is because they didn’t want anything to do with religion.
AC
-anno dommin means “year of lord” For events that happened after jesus christ
-AD does not mean After death
-AD Number years after Jesus birth
CE
-common era
-This is because they didn’t want anything to do with religion.
Buddhism
-An asian religion
-Buddhism is the name for a complex system of beliefs developed around the teachings of the Buddha,Buddha means the Enlightened One
-the founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama
Confucianism
Sui Dynasty
-Started in 589 ended in 618
-Yang Jian became the leader of northern China in 581 and in 589 he conquered southern China
-Yang Jian had done
created a new capital city
-repaired portions of the Great Wall of China in the north that had been destroyed
reduced taxes for the peasants
-conducted a census to make sure taxes were collected fairly
-ensured every male who was eligible to be taxed received a piece of land
Period of Disunion
-it lasted from 220 C.E. until 589 C.E.
-This time period was characterized by disunity, conflict, and chaos as rival groups tried to gain power
hierarchy
it is a high standing government
Feudalism
-A ranking base where the ruler set it
-For europe it would go like the
Priest first
Monarch Second
Lord Third
Knights Fourth
Serfs Fifth
Middle Ages
-an area where for europe it was bad for them because of no improvements and the black plague
-For Asia It was called the golden ages throughout 500-1500 because they had discovered a new way to make paper and overall they had some big achievement
-5th-15th centuries Europe after the Fall of Rome
Christianity
-Roman Empire was the Christian religion
-Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God and that God sent him to earth to save people from their sins
-Missionaries and monks helped to spread Christianity to other parts of europe
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knight
-Europe and all nobles and knights were considered their vassals
-The Knight would protect land
-The knight can also pay people for renting there land and protecting them for the nobbles or the serfs
serf
-peasants
-They have to pay for land
Mongols
-They ruled all of asia
-They would ask people to give them their land but if they didn’t they would kill them
Yasa
-Genghis Khan used it
-The laws were strict and unforgiving
-The laws demanded complete obedience to Genghis Khan, unity of all tribes under his authority, and punishment without mercy for those who disobeyed
Yang Jian
-Empire of sui Dynasty
-Yang Jian was named Wendi after his death and may be referenced as such in various sources, He is also referenced as Emperor Wen
- Yang Jian became the leader of northern China in 581 and in 589 he conquered southern China
Genghis Khan
-conquest of the Mongols through small raids on the Western Xia in the early 1200s
Kublai Khan
-Member of the mughals
-he conquered the Southern Song Dynasty
-leader Of Mughals
-Kublai Khan’s successes were the rebuilding of the Grand Canal
Mughals
-The empire lasted between 1526 and 1857
- The Empire at its height stretched from portions of Afghanistan and Pakistan.
-Their greatest goal was to win back their ancestral territories in Asia and rebuild the great empire of the Great Khan’s of old
- There were many different customs, traditions, and languages throughout the empire as well
Taj mahals
A mausoleum built during the Mughal Empire in modern day India
Built by Shah Jahan as a tomb in honor of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal
It took 20,000 workers, 1,000 elephants, and 22 years to complete
A masterpiece that brought together Indian, Persian, and Islamic architectural styles
Babur
-Babur founded the Mughal empire
-Babur was able to fight off the advances and maintain his rule
-Babur struggled to maintain lands conquered
-Babur won a great victory in the Battle of Khanwa which made him ruler over North India
Akbar
-Akbar greatly expanded the empire and secured the throne during the height of the Mughal dynasty
-Akbar established numerous government reforms to make it fairer for Muslims, Christians, and Hindus to co-exist and practice their beliefs
-Akbar formed many alliances through marrying Hindu princesses
- Died in 1605
Jahangir
-Jahangir had poisoned his father akbar
-Jahangir, 4th Mughal Emperor
- Jahangir had relative stability and economic growth.
-Jahangir died in 1627
shah Jahan
-Shah Jahan is most famously known for the construction of the Taj Mahal
-a tomb built in the 1600s as a mausoleum for his wife
-Shah Jahan loved her so much that he gave her the nickname Mumtaz Mahal. Which means ornament of the palace
-The Taj Mahal brought together the Indian, Persian, and Islamic architectural styles
Aurangzeb
-Aurangzeb was the last great ruler over the Mughal empire
-Aurangzeb was born on November 3, 1618
-Under Aurangzeb India became the most wealthy empire in the world, surpassing every European and Asian government
-he was constantly putting down rebellions caused by his religious intolerance, this drained the treasury and hurt the economy, forcing him to increase taxes
-the British allowed Mughal rule until 1857
checks and balances
-checks and balances provide that no one branch can gain too much power
-Checks and balances help the principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power
-Checks and balances can modify the separation of powers, may operate under.
Veto
-Veto means “I forbid” in Latin
-This power made the tribunes very powerful; however, to combat them gaining too much power they could only stay in office one year
-The tribunes had the ability to veto actions by other officials
