Unit 2 Exam

Question 1

What is the origin of medical immunology?

Answer 1

Dr. Edward Jenner developed the small pox vaccine in 1796; by 1980 small pox was eradicated

Question 2

Cell-mediated Immunity

Answer 2

T-cells recognize foreign molecule and virus infected cells; the T-cell itself attacks and destroys invader

[https://youtu.be/nqRn5fN22t4?si=GmRrtioIikIaVIMH]

Question 3

Humoral Immunity

Answer 3

B-cells secrete antibodies, which are created in response to a specific antigen

https://youtu.be/rAepZG_ChyQ?si=DU0D1Y1jC1fnOmbO

Question 4

Antibody

Answer 4

Immunoglobulin

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Foreign molecule or substance that induces an immune response

Question 6

Cytokine

Answer 6

Protein messenger molecules, e.g. interleukins and interferons, that affect cell division, growth, and function in the immune system

Question 7

Types of T-cell (3)

Answer 7

Regulatory T cell, T-helper, T-killer

Question 8

Regulatory T-cell

Answer 8

Modulate immune system, prevent autoimmune disease

Question 9

T Helper

Answer 9

Assist other lymphocytes to mature and activate

Question 10

T-Killer

Answer 10

Destroy virus-infected cells, and tumor cells

Question 11

B cells

Answer 11

mature in the bone marrow; they are responsible for creating and releasing antibodies, Y-shaped protein with two antigen binding sites

Question 12

IgA Function

Answer 12

Found in mucous, saliva, tears, and breast milk. Protects against pathogens.

Question 13

IgD Function

Answer 13

Part of the B-cell receptor. Activates basophils and mast cells

Question 14

IgE Function

Answer 14

Protect against parasitic worms. Responsible for allergic reactions

Question 15

IgG Function

Answer 15

Secreted by plasma cells in the blood. Able to cross the placenta into the fetus.

Question 16

IgM Function

Answer 16

May be attached to the surface of a B cell or secreted into the blood. Responsible for early stages of immunity.

Question 17

Clonal Selection Theory

Answer 17

• Each lymphocyte bears a single type of receptor with a unique specificity
• Receptor occupation (antigen) is required for cell activation
• An activated B cells replicates and produces receptors with identical specificity for the activating antigen
  -Those lymphocytes bearing receptors for self molecules are destroyed at an early stage

Question 18

B Lymphocytes can develop into what?

Answer 18

Plasma cells or memory cells

Question 19

Primary Response

Answer 19

• Full response takes 1-2 weeks; we suffer during this time
• The first time we encounter the pathogen

Question 20

Secondary Response

Answer 20

• Full response develops in a few days
• The subsequent times we are exposed after the first time

Question 21

General Immune Pathway

Answer 21

Recognition, Activation, and Response

Question 22

Alternative Slicing

Answer 22

Produces many different proteins from a single gene, leading to many different antigen receptors

Question 23

Nonspecific Immune System Responses

Answer 23

Phagocytosis and Inflammation

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

Process that removes unwanted invaders

Question 25

Inflammation

Answer 25

Restores damaged tissues

Question 26

Fagundes et al., 2019

Answer 26

There is a relationship between depression and inflammation among bereaved individuals