Unit 2 Exam Flashcards
What is Jerome Wakefield’s view of abnormality
abnormality is a harmful dysfunction
dysfunction is a scientific term referring to the failure of a mental mechanism to perform a natural function for which it was designed ny evolution
How is the DSM revised
by a task force
What is a task force/work group
those who are a part of the american psychiatric association and meet to discuss the diagnostic criteria for the DSM
What is the alternative diagnostic system that is used internationally
International Classification of DIseases
What is the structure of the DSM
it is a multiaxial assessment system
What is the premenstrual dysphoric disorder
a severe version of PMS
What is disruptive mood dysregulation
frequent tantrums in children 6-18
What is binge eating disorder
overindulging in food, not followed by compensatory behaviors
What is hoarding disorder
difficulty discarding possessions
What major revisions were made to existing disorders in the DSM-5
“bereavement exclusion” was dropped
autistic disorder were combined into autism spectrum disorder
substance abuse and substance dependence were combined into substance use disorder
mental retardation was renamed as intellectual disability
learning disabilities were combined into specific learning disorder
What changes were considered for DSM-5 but ultimately were not made
diagnostic overexpansion
How did the DSM change over time as different editions were published
relied more on empirical data
What major changes were made from the DSM-1&DSM-2 to DSM III
relied on empirical data
specific diagnostic criteria used to define disorders
much longer and more extensive
used a multiaxial assessment system
When did the DSM become atheoretical rather than based on a particular theoretical orientation
DSM-III
What are the major criticisms of the DSM-5
controversial cutoffs- arbitrary requirements
cultural issues- original creators were overwhelmingly caucasian
gender bias- some disorders are diagnosed more frequently in men and some more in women
non-empiricial influences- politics and public opinion
What three characteristics should all assessment techniques possess
validity
reliability
utility
What information would we gather as a part of a client’s case history
birth and development
family of origin
education history
employment history
recreation/leisure
sexual history
relationship history
alcohol and drug history
physical health
What general skills should an interviewer have
quieting yourself
being self-aware
ability to develop a positive working relationship
What are specific behaviors that an interviewer should keep in mind
eye contact
body language
vocal qualities
verbal tracking
referring to a client by proper name
What is rapport
a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client
What is the the directive technique in clinical interview
questions targeted toward specific information
What is the non directive technique in clinical interview
allows the client to guide the course of the interview
What are open ended questions
allows for individualized and spontaneous responses
What are closed ended questions
allows for less elaboration
What is clarification
helps to make sure the interviewer has an accurate understanding of the clients comments
What is confrontation
used when an interviewer notices discrepancies or inconsistencies of the client’s comments
What is paraphrasing
used to assure clients that they are being heard
What is reflection of feeling
echoes the client’s emotions
What is summarizing
typically involves tying together various topics
What is the multiple pragmatic issues of interviewing
note taking
interview room
audio or video taking
When can you audio or video record an interview with a client
requires written permission
What is the purpose of a diagnostic interview
to diagnose the client
What is the different between and structured and an unstructured interview
structured is a predetermined, planned sequence of questions that an interviewer asks a client
unstructured is when there is no predetermined or planned questions
What is a mental status exam
assesses how the client is functioning at the time of the evaluation
What is the purpose of crisis interview
assess a problem demanding urgent attention
What are intelligence tests
a measurement of a client’s intellectual abilities
What are achievement tests
measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities
What is the hierarchical model of intelligence
specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all at least somewhat related to one another and to a global overall intelligence
Is there a particular intelligence assessment that emphasized cultural fairness
the universal nonverbal intelligence test-2
What is the mean IQ score for both the Wechsler intelligence scales and the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales? What is the standard deviation.
100, 15
What are the Wechsler subtests?
vocabulary, similarities, information, comprehension, block design, picture completion, matrix reasoning, coding, symbol search
Vocabulary subtest
orally explain the meaning of a word
Similarities subtest
orally explain how two things or concepts are alike
Information subtest
orally answer questions focusing on specific items of general knowledge
Comprehension subtest
orally answer questions about general social principles and social situations
Block-Design subtest
re-create a specific pattern of design of colored blocks
Picture completion subtest
view picture of simple object or scene and identify the important part that is missing
Matrix reasoning subtest
view an incomplete matrix and select the missing portion from the pictures provided
Coding subtest
using pencil and paper, repeatedly copy simple shapes or symbols in appropriate spaces according to a key provided
Symbol search subtest
scan a group of visual shapes or symbols to determine if target shapes or symbols appear in group
What are the similarities and differences between the Wechsler intelligence scales and the Standford-Binet intelligence scales?
Administered face-to-face and one-on-one
employs hierarchical of intelligence
feature the same mean
similarly strong reliability and validity data
What is the purpose of neuropsychological tests
measure cognitive functioning or impairment of the brain
What is are full neuropsychological assessment batteries vs brief screening
full neuropsychological assessment batteries are lengthy and comprehensive
others are brief and typically used as screens for impairment
What is the purpose of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological battery
to identify with brain damage
What are the strengths of the Halstead-Reitan battery
empirical research suggests that the HRB and its tests are reliable and valid comprehensive
What are the weaknesses of the Halstead-Reitan battery
length, inflexible, limited overlap, with real-life, day-to-day tasks
What is the bender-gestalt test
straightforward copying tasks
very brief
quick check
How do we define objective and projective personality assessments
objective: unambiguous test items, offers clients a limited range of responses, objectively scored
projective: typically less structured and involve a greater degree of judgment in scoring and interpretation
What are the potential strengths and weakness of projective personality assessments
strengths: based on psychodynamic model
weaknesses: lack of objectivity in scoring and interpretion
What is the MMPIs general format
items were divided into groups related to 10 specific pathologies- clinical scales
How was the MMPI developed
used empirical criterion keying to construct the test
developers evaluated items using individuals who have been diagnosed with particular mental disorders and a group of individuals with no known diagnosis
What does it mean to “fake good” or “fake bad”
dishonest answers
provide information about how the client approached the test
What changed with the MMPI-2
normative data was obtained from a much more diverse group, some test items were removed or revised that had outdated or awkward wording
What changed with the MMPI-A
ages 14-18 similar to the MMPI-2
What changes with the MMPI-2-RF
shorter version 338/550+, restructured clinical scales, removal of overlap, omission of masculinity/femininity scale and social introversion scale, addition on PSY-5 scales
What changes with the MMPI-3
335 items
What are criticisms of the MMPI
too lengthy and time consuming
requires reading ability and prolonged attention focuses on forms of psychopathology as the factors that make up personality
What is the NEO personality Inventory
five-factor model of personality
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
agreeableness
conscientiousness
What is the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
similar to MMPI, but stronger emphasis on personality disorder
195 true/false questions
best use for identifying personality disorders
What is the rorschach inkblot methods
What is the thematic apperception test (TAT)
involves presenting the client with a series of cards each with an ambiguous picture
