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Intro to Clinical Psychology > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Jerome Wakefield’s view of abnormality

A

abnormality is a harmful dysfunction

dysfunction is a scientific term referring to the failure of a mental mechanism to perform a natural function for which it was designed ny evolution

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2
Q

How is the DSM revised

A

by a task force

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3
Q

What is a task force/work group

A

those who are a part of the american psychiatric association and meet to discuss the diagnostic criteria for the DSM

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4
Q

What is the alternative diagnostic system that is used internationally

A

International Classification of DIseases

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5
Q

What is the structure of the DSM

A

it is a multiaxial assessment system

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6
Q

What is the premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

a severe version of PMS

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7
Q

What is disruptive mood dysregulation

A

frequent tantrums in children 6-18

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8
Q

What is binge eating disorder

A

overindulging in food, not followed by compensatory behaviors

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9
Q

What is hoarding disorder

A

difficulty discarding possessions

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10
Q

What major revisions were made to existing disorders in the DSM-5

A

“bereavement exclusion” was dropped

autistic disorder were combined into autism spectrum disorder

substance abuse and substance dependence were combined into substance use disorder

mental retardation was renamed as intellectual disability

learning disabilities were combined into specific learning disorder

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11
Q

What changes were considered for DSM-5 but ultimately were not made

A

diagnostic overexpansion

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12
Q

How did the DSM change over time as different editions were published

A

relied more on empirical data

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13
Q

What major changes were made from the DSM-1&DSM-2 to DSM III

A

relied on empirical data

specific diagnostic criteria used to define disorders

much longer and more extensive

used a multiaxial assessment system

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14
Q

When did the DSM become atheoretical rather than based on a particular theoretical orientation

A

DSM-III

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15
Q

What are the major criticisms of the DSM-5

A

controversial cutoffs- arbitrary requirements

cultural issues- original creators were overwhelmingly caucasian

gender bias- some disorders are diagnosed more frequently in men and some more in women

non-empiricial influences- politics and public opinion

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16
Q

What three characteristics should all assessment techniques possess

A

validity
reliability
utility

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17
Q

What information would we gather as a part of a client’s case history

A

birth and development
family of origin
education history
employment history
recreation/leisure
sexual history
relationship history
alcohol and drug history
physical health

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17
Q

What general skills should an interviewer have

A

quieting yourself
being self-aware
ability to develop a positive working relationship

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18
Q

What are specific behaviors that an interviewer should keep in mind

A

eye contact
body language
vocal qualities
verbal tracking
referring to a client by proper name

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19
Q

What is rapport

A

a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client

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20
Q

What is the the directive technique in clinical interview

A

questions targeted toward specific information

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21
Q

What is the non directive technique in clinical interview

A

allows the client to guide the course of the interview

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22
Q

What are open ended questions

A

allows for individualized and spontaneous responses

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23
Q

What are closed ended questions

A

allows for less elaboration

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24
Q

What is clarification

A

helps to make sure the interviewer has an accurate understanding of the clients comments

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25
Q

What is confrontation

A

used when an interviewer notices discrepancies or inconsistencies of the client’s comments

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26
Q

What is paraphrasing

A

used to assure clients that they are being heard

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27
Q

What is reflection of feeling

A

echoes the client’s emotions

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28
Q

What is summarizing

A

typically involves tying together various topics

29
Q

What is the multiple pragmatic issues of interviewing

A

note taking
interview room
audio or video taking

30
Q

When can you audio or video record an interview with a client

A

requires written permission

31
Q

What is the purpose of a diagnostic interview

A

to diagnose the client

32
Q

What is the different between and structured and an unstructured interview

A

structured is a predetermined, planned sequence of questions that an interviewer asks a client

unstructured is when there is no predetermined or planned questions

33
Q

What is a mental status exam

A

assesses how the client is functioning at the time of the evaluation

34
Q

What is the purpose of crisis interview

A

assess a problem demanding urgent attention

35
Q

What are intelligence tests

A

a measurement of a client’s intellectual abilities

36
Q

What are achievement tests

A

measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities

37
Q

What is the hierarchical model of intelligence

A

specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all at least somewhat related to one another and to a global overall intelligence

38
Q

Is there a particular intelligence assessment that emphasized cultural fairness

A

the universal nonverbal intelligence test-2

39
Q

What is the mean IQ score for both the Wechsler intelligence scales and the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales? What is the standard deviation.

A

100, 15

40
Q

What are the Wechsler subtests?

A

vocabulary, similarities, information, comprehension, block design, picture completion, matrix reasoning, coding, symbol search

41
Q

Vocabulary subtest

A

orally explain the meaning of a word

42
Q

Similarities subtest

A

orally explain how two things or concepts are alike

43
Q

Information subtest

A

orally answer questions focusing on specific items of general knowledge

44
Q

Comprehension subtest

A

orally answer questions about general social principles and social situations

45
Q

Block-Design subtest

A

re-create a specific pattern of design of colored blocks

46
Q

Picture completion subtest

A

view picture of simple object or scene and identify the important part that is missing

47
Q

Matrix reasoning subtest

A

view an incomplete matrix and select the missing portion from the pictures provided

48
Q

Coding subtest

A

using pencil and paper, repeatedly copy simple shapes or symbols in appropriate spaces according to a key provided

49
Q

Symbol search subtest

A

scan a group of visual shapes or symbols to determine if target shapes or symbols appear in group

50
Q

What are the similarities and differences between the Wechsler intelligence scales and the Standford-Binet intelligence scales?

A

Administered face-to-face and one-on-one
employs hierarchical of intelligence
feature the same mean
similarly strong reliability and validity data

51
Q

What is the purpose of neuropsychological tests

A

measure cognitive functioning or impairment of the brain

52
Q

What is are full neuropsychological assessment batteries vs brief screening

A

full neuropsychological assessment batteries are lengthy and comprehensive

others are brief and typically used as screens for impairment

53
Q

What is the purpose of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological battery

A

to identify with brain damage

54
Q

What are the strengths of the Halstead-Reitan battery

A

empirical research suggests that the HRB and its tests are reliable and valid comprehensive

55
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Halstead-Reitan battery

A

length, inflexible, limited overlap, with real-life, day-to-day tasks

56
Q

What is the bender-gestalt test

A

straightforward copying tasks
very brief
quick check

57
Q

How do we define objective and projective personality assessments

A

objective: unambiguous test items, offers clients a limited range of responses, objectively scored

projective: typically less structured and involve a greater degree of judgment in scoring and interpretation

58
Q

What are the potential strengths and weakness of projective personality assessments

A

strengths: based on psychodynamic model

weaknesses: lack of objectivity in scoring and interpretion

59
Q

What is the MMPIs general format

A

items were divided into groups related to 10 specific pathologies- clinical scales

60
Q

How was the MMPI developed

A

used empirical criterion keying to construct the test

developers evaluated items using individuals who have been diagnosed with particular mental disorders and a group of individuals with no known diagnosis

61
Q

What does it mean to “fake good” or “fake bad”

A

dishonest answers
provide information about how the client approached the test

62
Q

What changed with the MMPI-2

A

normative data was obtained from a much more diverse group, some test items were removed or revised that had outdated or awkward wording

63
Q

What changed with the MMPI-A

A

ages 14-18 similar to the MMPI-2

64
Q

What changes with the MMPI-2-RF

A

shorter version 338/550+, restructured clinical scales, removal of overlap, omission of masculinity/femininity scale and social introversion scale, addition on PSY-5 scales

65
Q

What changes with the MMPI-3

A

335 items

66
Q

What are criticisms of the MMPI

A

too lengthy and time consuming
requires reading ability and prolonged attention focuses on forms of psychopathology as the factors that make up personality

67
Q

What is the NEO personality Inventory

A

five-factor model of personality
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
agreeableness
conscientiousness

68
Q

What is the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory

A

similar to MMPI, but stronger emphasis on personality disorder
195 true/false questions
best use for identifying personality disorders

69
Q

What is the rorschach inkblot methods

A
70
Q

What is the thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

involves presenting the client with a series of cards each with an ambiguous picture

71
Q
A

Intro to Clinical Psychology (1 decks)

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