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freshwater > unit 2 exam > Flashcards

unit 2 exam Flashcards

1
Q

morphology of insects (head)

A

labrum, labium, mandible, maxilla, palps

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2
Q

mandible

A

upper, articulating jaw

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3
Q

maxilla

A

lower, non-articulating jaw

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4
Q

morphology of insects (thorax)

A

pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum, legs, gills(maybe)

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5
Q

leg parts

A

coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, tarsal claw (maybe)

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6
Q

abdomen

A

gills may be present

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7
Q

sclerite

A

hardened plate covering a segment

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8
Q

tergite

A

sclerite on dorsal side

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9
Q

sternite

A

sclerite on ventral side

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10
Q

skaters

A

ski on water surface (water striders, fishing spiders)

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11
Q

planktonic

A

float in water column (copepods, daphnia)

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12
Q

divers

A

swim on surface by rowing legs like oars (back-swimmers, diving water beetle)

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13
Q

swimmers

A

fish-like swimming motion (prong-gilled mayflies, water tigers)

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14
Q

clingers

A

hold in to benthic substrate/submerged plants (flathead mayflies, free caddisflies)

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15
Q

sprawlers

A

stretch out on surfaces of leaves/substrate )square-gilled mayflies, skimmer dragonflies)

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16
Q

climbers

A

hold on to aquatic plants/sub. roots (darner dragonflies)

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17
Q

burrowers

A

burrow into benthic sediments (midges, burrowing mayflies, cranefly larvae)

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18
Q

scraper-grazer

A

eat algae like cow (snails, mayflies)

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19
Q

shredders

A

eat leaves/organic matter (stoneflies, mayflies, caddisflies, beetles)

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20
Q

collector-gatherers

A

consume CPOM, spins nets (caddisflies, mayflies, true flies)

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21
Q

collector-filterers

A

consume FPOM (muscles, true flies)

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22
Q

piercer-gaugers

A

pierce into aquatic plants (true bugs)

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23
Q

piercer-predators

A

pierce into prey to drink bodily fluids (true bugs)

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24
Q

engulfer-predators

A

consume entire body of prey (hellgrammites, dragonflies, beetles)

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25
Q

Ephemeroptera (order)

A

Mayflies

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26
Q

characteristics of Ephemeroptera

A

-temporary, lotic, and lentic
-rocky bottom of 2nd, 3rd order streams
-subimago and imago stages

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27
Q

major families of Ephemeroptera

A

Ameletide, Baetidae, Caenidae, Ephemerellidae, Ephemeridae, Heptageniidae, Isonychiidae, Leptophelbiidae

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28
Q

Ameletidae

A

-“colorful”
-fringed caudal filaments with colored band

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29
Q

Baetidae

A

Minnow mayflies
fast and tiny
-2 long curving and reduced middle filament

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30
Q

Caenidae

A

Square-gilled Mayfly
-operculate gills
-very tiny, more lentic
-Caenis sp.

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31
Q

Ephemerellidae

A

Spiny Crawler Mayfly
-gills only on mid segments

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32
Q

Ephemeridae

A

Burrower Mayfly
-dorsal gulls with fringe
-tusks present
-tibia and femur used for burrowing

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33
Q

Heptageniidae

A

Flathead Mayfly
-large, upwards eyes
-extremely flattened
-clingers

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34
Q

Isonychiidae

A

Brush-legged Mayfly
-cream colored strip
-brushed/fringed appendages
-Isonychia sp.

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35
Q

Leptophelbiidae

A

Prong-gilled Mayfly
-big red eyes
-long antennae
-square head

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36
Q

Plecoptera (order)

A

Stoneflies

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37
Q

characteristics of Plecoptera

A

lotic clean headwaters, microhabitats, shredders, predators, drumming dialects

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38
Q

major families in Plecoptera

A

Capniidae, Chloroperdiiae, Leutridae, Nemouridae, Perlodidae, Perlidae, Peltoperlidae, Pterocharcyidae, Taeniopterygidae

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39
Q

Chloroperdiae

A

Green Stonefly
-light olive
-non-diverging wing pads

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40
Q

Leuctridae

A

Rolled-winged Stonefly
-tiny!
-yellow/orange
-bare (no hairs/spines)

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41
Q

Nemouridae

A

-triangular head
-divergent wing pads
-cervical gills

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42
Q

Perlodidae

A

-wedge-shaped head
-diverging hindwings
-less noticable

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43
Q

Perlidae

A

Common Stonefly
-larger
-colorful/ornate
-gilled fringes
Perlestia sp., Acronuria sp., Neuperia sp.

44
Q

Peltoperlidae

A

Roachlike Stonefly
-modified pronotum
-tapered abdomen
-rounded
Peltoperia sp.

45
Q

Taeniopterygidae

A

Winter Stonefly
-strongly divergent wingpads
-adults emerge in winter

46
Q

Pteroharcyidae

A

Giant Stonefly
-divergent wing pads
-bristles
-gill tufts

47
Q

Trichoptera (order)

A

caddisflies

48
Q

Trichoptera characteristics

A

lentic, lotice, cool ,warm, plant matter CPOM, casemakers, retreat casemakers, closed casemakers, holometabolous, vermiform

49
Q

Trichoptera major families

A

Glossomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Hydropsychidae, Lepidostomatidae, Leptoceridae, Limnephilidae, Philoptamidae, Pheyganeidae, Rhyacophilidae, Uenoidae

50
Q

Glassomatidae

A

Saddlecase Maker
-different sized small pebbles
-1/2 fleshy 2 and 3 segments
-no prosternum horn
-no fleshy side humps

51
Q

Helicopsychidae

A

Snailcase Maker
-spiral case
-sediments particles used

52
Q

Hydropsychidae

A

Common Netspinner
-variation in color, no case made
-3 prominent sclerites
-branched filamentis gill s
-Cheumatropsychid
-Potamyiaflava

53
Q

Lepidostomatidae

A

Lepidostomatid
-rectangular cases with squares
-bark and leaf fragments
-pronotum entirely covered, half mesonotum
-fleshy humps on sides

54
Q

Leptoceridae

A

Longhorned Casemaker
-long back legs going forward
-variable cases
-sclerite on pronotum, lighter on mesonotum, fleshy metanotum

55
Q

Limnephilidae

A

N. Casemaker
-shaggy cases (plant)
-fleshy hump on sides of first segments
-possess horn on underside

56
Q

Philopotamidae

A

Fingernet Caddisfly
-free-living
-yellow, orange, cream color
-darker head/prothorax
-sclerite on pronotum
-t-shaped labrum

57
Q

Pheyganeidae

A

Giant Case Maker
-paint pattern on face
-rectangular case
-successive spiral pattern
-sclerite on 9th segment only

58
Q

Rhyacophilidae

A

Free-living Caddisfly
-somewhat sclerotized on prothorax
-green, purple, white

59
Q

Uenoidae

A

Uenoid Caddisfly
-more body exposure
-fleshy humps on sides
-prosternum horn present

60
Q

Diptera (order)

A

true flies

61
Q

Diptera characteristics

A

vermiform, holometabolous, no true legs as larva, shredders, grazers, predators, parasites, crawlers, swimmers, burrowers

62
Q

not true legs

A

prolegs, creeping welts, suctorial discs

63
Q

Diptera major families

A

Nematocera, Brachycera (subs), Certopogonidae, Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Culicidae, Tipulidae/Pediciidae, Simuliidae, Athericidae, Empidiae, Tabanidae

64
Q

Nematocera

A

elongated flies, multisegmented antennae, horizontal mandibles

65
Q

Ceratopogonidae

A

Biting Midges
-can infect livestock
-snake like

66
Q

Chaoboridae

A

Phantom Midges
-translucent bodies
-stout antennae with long bristles

67
Q

Chironomidae

A

Non-biting Midges
-large family
-red apperance

68
Q

Culicidae

A

Mosquitoes
-lentic favoring
-wigglers
-broad and sclerotized heads
-compressed

69
Q

Tipulidae/Pediciidae

A

Craneflies
-elongated
-maggot like

70
Q

Simuliidae

A

Black Flies
-tiny
-suctorial discs at anal end

71
Q

Athericidae

A

Snipe Flies
-tube-shaped with prolegs
-Atherix lantha

72
Q

Empididae

A

Dance Flies
-2 anal prolegs downwards

73
Q

Tabanidae

A

Deer Flies/ Horse Flies
-creeping welts around each segment

74
Q

Odonata (order)

A

dragonflies and damselflies

75
Q

Odonata characteristics

A

hemimetabolous, burrowers, sprawlers, climbers, lentic favoring, clingers, predators, folded labia

76
Q

Anisoptera

A

Dragonflies

77
Q

Aeshnidae

A

Darner Dragonfly
-flat labium
-colorful adults
-Anax junius

78
Q

Gomphidae

A

Clubtail dragonfly
-flat labium
-short, stout antennae (4 segments)
-hairy

79
Q

Libellulidae

A

Skimmer dragonfly
-scoop shaped labiu,

80
Q

Zygoptera

A

Damselflies

81
Q

Calopterygidae

A

Broad-winged damselfly
-“helicopter”
-median cleft
greatly elongated 1st antenna segment

82
Q

Coengrionidae

A

Narrow-winged damselfly
-broad head
-striped through eyes
-pointed
-shortened antenna

83
Q

Lestidae

A

Spread-winged damselflies
-small and delicate
-spoon labium

84
Q

Megaloptera (order)

A

alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies

85
Q

Megaloptera characteristics

A

holometabolous, large vermiform, spiracles, predators, pinchers, fleshy filamentous appendages, filamentous gills ventrally

86
Q

Megaloptera families

A

Corydalidae (hellgrammites), Sialidae (alderflies)

87
Q

Coleoptera (order)

A

beetles

88
Q

Coleoptera characteristics

A

vermiform with legs, elytra, true mandibles, lotic, lentic, holometabolous

89
Q

major Coleoptera families

A

Dytiscidae, Elmidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Hydrophilidae, Psephenidae

90
Q

Dytiscidae

A

Predaceous Diving Beetle
-ponds
-yellow and black
-dense hydrofuge hairs

91
Q

Elmidae

A

Riffle beetle
-double tarsal claw
-crawl only
-granules (indentations)

92
Q

Gyrinidae

A

Whirigig beetle
-speed boats
-aquatic but not in water

93
Q

Haliplidae

A

Crawling Water Beetle
-double tarsi claw

94
Q

Hydrophilidae

A

Water Scavengers
-lentic favoring
-mandibles seen in larva
-very shiny elytra
-hydrofuge hairs

95
Q

Psephenidae

A

Water pennies
-commonly found in larva
-Sephenis sp.
-Extopria sp.

96
Q

Hemiptera (order)

A

true bugs

97
Q

Hemiptera characteristics

A

rostrum, raptorial legs, air store, lentic favoring

98
Q

air store

A

surrounding air bubble capable by diffusion but not permanent due to nitrogen

99
Q

Hemiptera families

A

Belostomatidae, Gerridae, Corixidae, Naucoridae, Nepidae, Notonectidae, Veliidae

100
Q

Belostomatidae

A

Giant Waterbug
-strong swimmers and fliers
-ponds
-prime predators
Belastoma sp., Letnocerius sp.

101
Q

Corixidae

A

Water Boatman
-swims dorsal side up
-scutellum prominent
-ponds and streams

102
Q

Gerridae

A

Water Strider
-living on water surface
-hydrofuge hairs
-pulse communication
-predators

103
Q

Naucordiae

A

Creeping Waterbug
-small with big red eyes
-lentic
-painful bite
BICEPS

104
Q

Nepidae

A

Water Scorpion
-spike like caudal filaments
-long raptorial legs
-ponds

105
Q

Notonectidae

A

Backswimmers
-swims ventral side up
-tapered thorax (neck)
-lentic
-good flies
-fast

106
Q

Veliidae

A

Broad shoulder Water Strider
-tiny version
-pond, lake, rivers

freshwater (2 decks)

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