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Abbreviations > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How is body temp regulated?

A

Hypothalamus acts as thermostat and controls body temp by feedback mechanism

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2
Q

Nursing interventions to reduce fever

A

Encourage large fluid intake
lower room temp
increase air circulation w/ fan
remove bed covers/clothing items
control/reduce body activity

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3
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever, above 100.2 F

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4
Q

Normal temp

A

97.5-99.5 F

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5
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pushed into aorta with each heartbeat (affects character of pulse, weak pulse may indicate fall in stroke volume)

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6
Q

Normal pulse range

A

60-100 bpm

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7
Q

Tachycardia

A

Over 100 bpm

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8
Q

Bradycardia

A

< 60 bpm

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9
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregular pulse. Has a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats. Can occur from emotional stress, fright. Continuing arrhythmia may indicate heart disease or medicine side effects.

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10
Q

Pulse 1+

A

Weak & irregular (even beats with poor force)

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11
Q

Pulse 2+

A

Strong and regular (even beats with moderate force)

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12
Q

Pulse 3+

A

Full and bounding (even with strong force)

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13
Q

Irregular pulse

A

Both strong and weak beats within 1 min

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14
Q

Thready pulse

A

Weak and may be irregular

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15
Q

Absent pulse

A

No pulse palpable or heard

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16
Q

Blood Pressure (BP)

A

Pressure exerted on arterial wall

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17
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Maximum pressure exerted during left ventricular contraction (working)

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18
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Lower pressure exerted on artery when heart is resting between contractions (rest)

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19
Q

Average healthy adult BP

A

120/80 mm Hg

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20
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic (120) and diastolic (80) = 40 (e.g.)

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21
Q

Normal BP

A

<120, <80

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22
Q

Elevated BP

A

120-129, <80

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23
Q

Stage 1 Hypertension

A

130-139, or 80-89

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24
Q

Stage 2 Hypertension

A

140 or higher, or 90 or higher

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25
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

Over 180, and/or over 120

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26
Q

Factors that influence BP

A

Age- BP increases with age. Highest in older adult b/c of decrease in elasticity of vessels.
Stress/emotions- Increases BP by releasing hormones and stimulating SNS, leading to vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. Regular exercise can lower stress levels.
Medications.
Diurnal variation (time of day)- BP low at night with sleep, increases during day with increased activity, peaks mid afternoon.
Sex (gender)- At puberty men tend to have higher BP. Women’s BP increases after menopause.
Exercise- BP increases with activity and exercise as SNS responds to increased need for oxygen.
Body position- lower lying down, higher standing
R vs L arm- 1/4 of population has slight difference between R&L arms. 10 (+-5) mm Hg. 10 mm Hg not significant.
Vasodilation- Increased blood vessel diameter, lower BP may happen to warm temp, fever, relaxation.
Vasoconstriction- Decreased blood vessel diameter, increase BP in cold temp.
Head injury- increased BP and pulse pressure.
Reduced blood volume- Decreased BP
Increased blood volume- Increased BP

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27
Q

ADLs

A

Activities of daily living

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28
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity

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29
Q

Bruit

A

Abnormal sound heard on auscultation; a kind of swishing sound

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30
Q

Cognitive

A

Relating to the mental process of knowing, remembering, and relating; connected thinking

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31
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish tinge to the skin, nail beds, or mucous membranes, indicating low oxygen

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32
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Blue or purplish patch on the skin or mucous membrane that is not elevated; bruising

33
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin that occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation

34
Q

Fissure

A

A narrow slit

35
Q

Guaiac

A

A test for blood in the stool

36
Q

Gurgles

A

Low-pitched wheezes. Wet sounds heard when auscultating the lungs; newer term for rhonchi; gurgle sounds also occur in the bowel

37
Q

Inspection

A

Visual examination for detection of abnormal signs or qualities

38
Q

Integument

A

Skin covering the body

39
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowness of the skin, sclera, mucous membranes, and excretions resulting from hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments; icterus

40
Q

Jugular venous distention (JVD)

A

Visible protrusion of the jugular veins when the patient is positioned sitting in bed at 15-35 degrees; assessed as a sign of heart failure or over-hydration.

41
Q

Lethargy

A

Abnormal drowsiness or stupor

42
Q

Murmur

A

Periodic sound of short duration of cardiac or vascular origin

43
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Lighted instrument used for viewing interior of eye

44
Q

Orientation

A

Awareness of ones environment with the reference to person, place, time, and event

45
Q

Otoscope

A

Lighted instrument for visualizing tympanic membrane and interior ear canal.

46
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness of skin

47
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear

A

Microscopic lab exam used to determine presence of malignant cells from body secretions (respiratory, genitourinary, or digestive tract)

48
Q

Patent

A

Freely open (e.g., a patent drain)

49
Q

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint, round, purplish red spots that are not raised, caused by intradermal or submucosal hemorrhage; a significant sign for various diseases

50
Q

Protoscopic examination

A

Examination of the rectum with a lighted instrument

51
Q

Pigmentation

A

Deposition of coloring matter in skin

52
Q

Rinne test

A

A test to compare bone and air conduction of sound; performed with a tuning fork

53
Q

Sanguineous

A

Bloody

54
Q

Scar

A

A mark remaining after healing a wound

55
Q

Serosanguineous

A

Composed of serum and blood

56
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

Examination of the sigmoid colon using a lighted instrument

57
Q

Sign

A

Any objective evidence of disease or dysfunction

58
Q

Sore

A

Painful lesion of the skin or mucous membrane

59
Q

Speculum

A

Short, funnel-like tube for examining canals, such as nasal canal and vaginal canal

60
Q

Sputum

A

Mucous secretions of the lungs ejected through the mouth

61
Q

Symptom

A

Any indication of disease perceived by the patient; subjective info

62
Q

Tinnitus

A

Noise in the ears such as ringing, buzzing, roaring

63
Q

Tuning fork

A

Forked metal instrument used to test hearing and sense of vibration

64
Q

Vertigo

A

Sensation of rotation or whirling movement; dizziness

65
Q

Weber test

A

Test of bone conductions of sound performed with a tuning fork placed in the center of the forehead

66
Q

Wheeze

A

A high pitched respiratory sound that often indicated narrowed airways; it is common in patients with asthma

67
Q

Wound

A

Bodily injury caused by physical means with disruption of the skin or other structures

68
Q

Supine Position

A

Laying face up

69
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Stirrups hold the patients feet in an elevated position. (Pelvic examination, female genitalia examination)

70
Q

Knee-chest position

A

Facing down, with knees to chest (rectal examination)

71
Q

Lateral/Sims position

A

Most often lying on the left side.
Left leg on bottom is straight
Right leg on top is bent
Left arm on bottom rests behind the body with the torso tilted
Right arm on top rests in front, bent at the elbow and shoulder
Important to cushion knee, head and elbow with pillows or padding

Administering enema, pregnancy and childbirth

72
Q

Prone position

A

Laying face down

73
Q

RNS HOPE

A

Rest and activity
Nutrition, fluids, and electrolytes
Safety and security
Hygiene and grooming
Oxygenation and circulation needs
Psychosocial and learning
Elimination

Basic need assessment

74
Q

Factors affecting the environment

A

Temperature- different for older or younger patients, certain patients require special temp conditions

Ventilation- fresh air

Humidity- 30-50% is normally comfortable

Lighting- sunny, cheerful room lifts spirits. Adequate lighting for tasks to prevent injury or accidents

Odor
Noise

75
Q

Type A fire extinguisher

A

Water-under-pressure extinguisher used for paper, wood, or cloth fires

76
Q

Type B fire extinguisher

A

Contains carbon dioxide and is used for gasoline, oil, paint, fat, and flammable liquid fires

77
Q

Type C fire extinguisher

A

Contains carbon dioxide but is used for electrical fires

78
Q

ABC combination extinguisher

A

Can be used on any kind of fire

79
Q

RACE

A

Rescue any patients in immediate danger by removing them from the area

Activate the fire alarm system

Contain the fire by closing all doors and windows

Extinguish the flames with an appropriate extinguisher or Evacuate

Abbreviations (7 decks)

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