Unit 2-Energy from fuels Flashcards

1
Q

What name is given to any chemical reaction which releases energy?

A

Exothermic. Combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.

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2
Q

What is the equation for the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + Water

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3
Q

What is the equation for the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> Carbon monoxide + Water ( +Soot)

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4
Q

What equation is used to calculate the energy released by burning a fuel?

A

Eh=cmΔT

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5
Q

In the equation Eh=cmΔT, what does each term mean?

A

Eh is the heat energy released (in kJ or kJ mol-1)

c is the specific heat capacity of water. It is a constant, 4.18 kJ kg-1 ˚C-1

m is is the mass of water (in kg) (100cm3 = 0.1kg)

ΔT is the change in temperature (˚C)

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6
Q

A spirit burner was filled with ethanol (C2H5OH) and used to heat a copper can containing 200 cm3 of water. The temperature of the water rose from 22˚C to 27˚C.

Calculate the heat energy released from this combustion of ethanol.

A

Eh=cmΔT

Eh=4.18 x 0.2 x 5

=4.18kJ

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7
Q

Different fuels provide different quantities of energy. Describe how this can be determined experimentally.

A
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8
Q

his setup can be used to determine the energy released when an alcohol (alkanol) is burned.

Suggest one improvement to the investigation.

A

Any one from:

  • heat insulation
  • repeat to get average
  • move burner nearer to can
  • remove tripod and clamp can
  • stir water
  • thermometer not touching copper
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