Unit 2 - Electricity and other content Flashcards
“A circuit has a voltage (V) of 12 volts applied across it. If the current (I) passing through the circuit is 2.5 amperes, calculate the power (P) using the formula P = IV. What is the resulting power in watts, and what does this value represent in the context of electrical engineering?”
P=IV=12volts×2.5amperes=30watts
“A household appliance operates at a voltage (V) of 120 volts and draws a current (I) of 8 amperes. Calculate the power (P) consumed by the appliance using the formula P = IV. What is the resulting power in watts, and how would this calculation be significant for understanding power consumption in residential electrical systems?”
P=IV=120volts×8amperes=960watts
“A circuit has a resistance (R) of 50 ohms. If a current (I) of 2 amperes is flowing through the circuit, calculate the voltage (V) using the formula V = IR. What is the resulting voltage in volts, and how does this calculation demonstrate the fundamental principles of electrical engineering in circuit analysis?”
V=IR=50ohms×2amperes=100volts
“In a circuit, a voltage source supplies 24 volts. The circuit has a resistance of 12 ohms. Calculate the current (I) flowing through the circuit using the formula
I=V/r
What is the resulting current in amperes, and how does this calculation exemplify the application of Ohm’s law in electrical engineering?”
I= v/r
= 24volts/2 ohms
=2amperes
What are some of the concerns for future societies?
Some areas of concern are:
- Reduction in biodiversity
- Environmental degradation due to human activity and the waste that we produce
- The alteration and impacts that we are having on the global climate (climate change)
What are the Engineers Australia Code of Ethics four Key Values?
- Demonstrate Integrity
- Practice Competently
- Exercise leadership
- Promote sustainability
What are the advantages of robotics?
Pros
Robots are much cheaper than humans and their cost is now decreasing.
They create new job opportunities for people.
Robots are more precise than humans. Robots have smaller and versatile moving parts which help them in performing tasks with more accuracythan humans.
Robots are significantly stronger and faster than humans.
Robots come in any shape and size, depending upon the need of the task.
Robots can work anywhere in any environmental condition whether it is space, underwater, in extreme heat or wind etc.
Robots cannot say no to anything and can be used for any dangerous and unwanted work where humans maydeny to offer their services.
Robots in warfare are saving more lives and have now proven to be very successful.
The best thing about robots is that they never get tired and canwork on certain tasks 24 x 7.
What are the disadvantages of Robots?
Where robotsare increasing the efficiency in manybusinesses, they are alsoincreasing the unemployment rate. Because of robots, human labouris no longer required in manyfactories and manufacturing plants.
Robots can certainly handle their prescribed tasks, but they typically cannot handle unexpected situations.
The return on investment of a business may suffer if its operation relieson too many robots. They have higher expenses than humans, so company’s may not alwaysachieve the desired ROI.
Robots mayhave AI but they are certainly not as intelligent as humans. They can never improve their jobs outside the pre-defined programming because they simply cannot think for themselves.
Robots installed in workplaces still require manual labour attached to them. Trainingthose employees on how to work with the robots definitely hasa cost attached to it.
Robots have no sense of emotions or conscience. They lack empathy and this is one majordisadvantage of having an emotionless workplace.
Robots operate on the basis of information fed to them through a chip. If one thing goes wrong the entire company bears the loss.
“A car accelerates from an initial velocity of 15 meters per second to a final velocity of 30 meters per second over a time period of 5 seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the car?
a = (v-u)/t
a = (30-15)/5
a = 3 m/s2
What is additive and subtractive manufacturing?
Both additive and subtractive manufacturing have revolutionised the way products, parts and prototypes are made. Additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies are advancing rapidly, with companies providing tools to integrate seamlessly with the fabrication process.
Additive manufacturing is a process that adds successive layers of material to create an object, often referred to as 3D printing. Subtractive manufacturing, as the name suggests, is the opposite.
Rather than adding layers, subtractive manufacturing involves removing sections of a material by machining or cutting it away. It can be carried out manually or, more commonly, by a process known as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining.
What are the pros of 3D printing?
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, offers several advantages in various fields. Here are some key advantages of 3D printing:
Rapid Prototyping:
3D printing allows for the quick and cost-effective production of prototypes. This is valuable in product development to visualize and test designs before mass production, helping to identify and rectify design flaws early in the process.
Customization and Personalization:
3D printing enables the customization of products to meet specific individual needs or requirements. This is particularly beneficial in healthcare for creating patient-specific implants, prosthetics, and medical models tailored to an individual’s anatomy.
Complex Geometries and Intricate Designs:
3D printing can create complex, intricate, and geometrically challenging designs that would be difficult or impossible to achieve using traditional manufacturing methods. This allows for innovative and novel product designs.
Material Efficiency:
Additive manufacturing is generally more material-efficient compared to subtractive manufacturing methods, where material is removed from a larger block. It can reduce waste and material costs, making it more sustainable.
On-Demand Manufacturing:
3D printing supports on-demand and localized manufacturing. Parts and products can be printed as needed, reducing inventory costs and the need for storage space.
Cost-Effective Low Volume Production:
It is cost-effective for low-volume production runs. Traditional manufacturing methods may require expensive molds or tooling for small production batches, while 3D printing eliminates the need for such initial investments.
What are the disadvantages of 3D printing?
3D printing, despite its numerous advantages, also comes with certain disadvantages and challenges. Here are some common disadvantages associated with 3D printing:
Limited Material Properties:
While the range of available 3D printing materials has expanded, the properties of these materials may not match those of traditional manufacturing materials in terms of strength, durability, temperature resistance, or other characteristics.
Surface Finish and Resolution:
Depending on the 3D printing technology and parameters used, printed parts may have visible layer lines, rough surfaces, or a lack of fine detail, which may require additional post-processing for a smoother finish.
Post-Processing Requirements:
Many 3D printed parts require post-processing steps like sanding, polishing, painting, or chemical treatments to achieve the desired aesthetics, mechanical properties, or surface finish, adding time and effort to the overall production process.
Build Size and Speed:
The build size of 3D printers can be a limitation, restricting the size of parts that can be produced in a single print. Additionally, 3D printing can be a slow process, especially for large and complex parts.
Material Cost:
Some specialized 3D printing materials can be expensive, affecting the overall cost of 3D printed parts, particularly for larger or more complex designs.
Skill and Knowledge Requirements:
Effective utilization of 3D printing technology requires a certain level of expertise and understanding of the technology, materials, design considerations, and machine operation, which may be a barrier for some users.
Printer Cost and Maintenance:
Acquiring and maintaining 3D printers, especially high-quality or industrial-grade ones, can involve significant initial investments and ongoing maintenance costs.
What is planned obsolescence?
Planned obsolescence, orbuilt-in obsolescence, in industrial design and economics is a policy of planning or designing aproductwith an artificially limited useful life, so that it becomesobsolete(i.e., unfashionable, or no longer functional) after a certain period of time.
What is a conductor?
Simply put, electrical conductors are materials that conduct electricity, while insulators do not.
Whether a substanceconducts electricitydepends on how easily electrons can move through it. For example, protons don’t move because, while they would carry an electrical charge, they are bound to other protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei.
Valence electronsare like outer planets orbiting a star. They’re attracted enough to stay in position, however, it doesn’t always take a lot of energy to knock them out of place.
Metals readily lose and gain electrons, so they top the list of conductors.
What are insulators?
Organic molecules are mostly insulators, in part, because they’re held together by covalent (shared electron) bonds and also because hydrogen bonding helps stabilise many molecules.
Most materials are neither good conductors, nor good insulators. They don’t readily conduct, but if enough energy is supplied, the electrons will move.
