unit 2 (earth's systems and materials)

Question 1

system

Answer 1

assemblages of interrelated components working together by way of a driving force; example eight-planet solar system driven by gravity from the Sun

Question 2

model

Answer 2

a representation of an object or system

Question 3

atmosphere

Answer 3

a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

Question 4

hydrosphere

Answer 4

all the water on earth

Question 5

biosphere

Answer 5

part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

Question 6

geosphere

Answer 6

the mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth

Question 7

density

Answer 7

mass per unit volume of a substance

Question 8

evaporation

Answer 8

the change of state from a liquid to a gas

Question 9

precipitation

Answer 9

water that condenses out of the atmosphere and falls to Earth in droplets or crystals.

Question 10

transpiration

Answer 10

evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

Question 11

condensation

Answer 11

the change from a gas to a liquid

Question 12

energy

Answer 12

the ability of a system to do work

Question 13

matter

Answer 13

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 14

isolated system

Answer 14

a system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.

Question 15

closed system

Answer 15

a system in which energy is transferred with its surroundings but no matter is allowed to enter or leave

Question 16

open system

Answer 16

a system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings

Question 17

cohesion

Answer 17

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 18

adhesion

Answer 18

attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 19

polarity

Answer 19

a condition in which opposite ends of a molecule have slightly opposite charges, but the overall charge of the molecule is neutral

Question 20

atom

Answer 20

the basic unit of matter

Question 21

electrons

Answer 21

subatomic particles with a negative charge; found outside of the nucleus of an atom

Question 22

element

Answer 22

a substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 23

neutrons

Answer 23

subatomic particles with no charge; found inside of the nucleus of an atom

Question 24

nucleus (of atom)

Answer 24

the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons

Question 25

protons

Answer 25

subatomic particles with a positive charge; found inside of the nucleus of an atom

Question 26

water vapor

Answer 26

water in the form of a gas

Question 27

water cycle

Answer 27

the continual movement of water among Earth’s atmosphere, oceans and land surface

Question 28

volume

Answer 28

amount of space occupied by an object

Question 29

triple beam balance

Answer 29

tool used to measure mass

Question 30

salinity

Answer 30

a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid

Question 31

graduated cylinder

Answer 31

tool used to measure the volume of a liquid

Question 32

mass

Answer 32

the amount of matter in an object

Question 33

what are the three parts of the water cycle

Answer 33

evaporation, condensation, precipitation

Question 34

what are the four major earth systems

Answer 34

atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere

Question 35

why is water important for life

Answer 35

cuz it is good solvent

Question 36

chemical composition of water

Answer 36

two positive hydrogen and one negative oxygen

Question 37

what are the three subatomic particles that make up atom

Answer 37

proton, neutron, and electron

Question 38

where is the proton located

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

where is the neutron located

Answer 39

nucleus

Question 40

where is the electron located

Answer 40

orbital

Question 41

what happens when you take or add an electron

Answer 41

changes charge

Question 42

what happens when you take or add a proton

Answer 42

becomes new element

Question 43

what happens when you take or add a neutron

Answer 43

becomes an isotype

Question 44

what is the mass of a proton

Answer 44

1 amu

Question 45

what is the mass of a neutron

Answer 45

1 amu

Question 46

what is the mass of an electron

Answer 46

0

Question 47

explain what happened in the water cycle lab

Answer 47

lamp evaporated water, ice cooling the water represented condensation, and then the water falling from the plastic wrap was precipitation

Question 48

what kind of system was the water cycle lab

Answer 48

closed system because matter was not exchanged but energy was

Question 49

whats the formula for percent error

Answer 49

% error = |measured - real| / real

Question 50

what is the formula for finding density?

Answer 50

D = mass/volume

Question 50

what are the three phases of matter

Answer 50

solid, gas, liquid

Question 50

what is the formula for finding volume?

Answer 50

V = mass/density

Question 51

what is the formula for finding mass?

Answer 51

M = density * volume

Question 52

is water more or less dense when frozen

Answer 52

less dense because the hydrogen bonds are stable when frozen but constantly bonding and breaking when liquid

Question 53

are most things denser when solid, gas, or liquid

Answer 53

solid

Question 54

rank from densist to least dense: liquid, solid, gas

Answer 54

solid, liquid, gas

Question 55

why does ice float in water?

Answer 55

because it is less dense than water

Question 56

when things get hot are the typically liquid or solid

Answer 56

liquid

Question 57

which part of the earth is densist

Answer 57

the lowest layer because the densist things sank to the bottom whereas the less dense things stayed at the top

Question 58

how do you know if something will sink or float in water?

Answer 58

if it is denser than water it will sink, if it is less dense, it will float

Question 59

how old is the earth?

Answer 59

4.6 billion years

Question 60

what is the density of liquid water

Answer 60

1 g/ml

Question 61

what is the conversion from ml to cm3

Answer 61

1:1