unit 2 (earth's systems and materials) Flashcards

1
Q

system

A

assemblages of interrelated components working together by way of a driving force; example eight-planet solar system driven by gravity from the Sun

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2
Q

model

A

a representation of an object or system

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3
Q

atmosphere

A

a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

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4
Q

hydrosphere

A

all the water on earth

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5
Q

biosphere

A

part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

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6
Q

geosphere

A

the mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth

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7
Q

density

A

mass per unit volume of a substance

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8
Q

evaporation

A

the change of state from a liquid to a gas

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9
Q

precipitation

A

water that condenses out of the atmosphere and falls to Earth in droplets or crystals.

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10
Q

transpiration

A

evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

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11
Q

condensation

A

the change from a gas to a liquid

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12
Q

energy

A

the ability of a system to do work

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13
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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14
Q

isolated system

A

a system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.

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15
Q

closed system

A

a system in which energy is transferred with its surroundings but no matter is allowed to enter or leave

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16
Q

open system

A

a system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings

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17
Q

cohesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substance

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18
Q

adhesion

A

attraction between molecules of different substances

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19
Q

polarity

A

a condition in which opposite ends of a molecule have slightly opposite charges, but the overall charge of the molecule is neutral

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20
Q

atom

A

the basic unit of matter

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21
Q

electrons

A

subatomic particles with a negative charge; found outside of the nucleus of an atom

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22
Q

element

A

a substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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23
Q

neutrons

A

subatomic particles with no charge; found inside of the nucleus of an atom

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24
Q

nucleus (of atom)

A

the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons

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25
protons
subatomic particles with a positive charge; found inside of the nucleus of an atom
26
water vapor
water in the form of a gas
27
water cycle
the continual movement of water among Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land surface
28
volume
amount of space occupied by an object
29
triple beam balance
tool used to measure mass
30
salinity
a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
31
graduated cylinder
tool used to measure the volume of a liquid
32
mass
the amount of matter in an object
33
what are the three parts of the water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
34
what are the four major earth systems
atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
35
why is water important for life
cuz it is good solvent
36
chemical composition of water
two positive hydrogen and one negative oxygen
37
what are the three subatomic particles that make up atom
proton, neutron, and electron
38
where is the proton located
nucleus
39
where is the neutron located
nucleus
40
where is the electron located
orbital
41
what happens when you take or add an electron
changes charge
42
what happens when you take or add a proton
becomes new element
43
what happens when you take or add a neutron
becomes an isotype
44
what is the mass of a proton
1 amu
45
what is the mass of a neutron
1 amu
46
what is the mass of an electron
0
47
explain what happened in the water cycle lab
lamp evaporated water, ice cooling the water represented condensation, and then the water falling from the plastic wrap was precipitation
48
what kind of system was the water cycle lab
closed system because matter was not exchanged but energy was
49
whats the formula for percent error
% error = |measured - real| / real
50
what is the formula for finding density?
D = mass/volume
50
what are the three phases of matter
solid, gas, liquid
50
what is the formula for finding volume?
V = mass/density
51
what is the formula for finding mass?
M = density * volume
52
is water more or less dense when frozen
less dense because the hydrogen bonds are stable when frozen but constantly bonding and breaking when liquid
53
are most things denser when solid, gas, or liquid
solid
54
rank from densist to least dense: liquid, solid, gas
solid, liquid, gas
55
why does ice float in water?
because it is less dense than water
56
when things get hot are the typically liquid or solid
liquid
57
which part of the earth is densist
the lowest layer because the densist things sank to the bottom whereas the less dense things stayed at the top
58
how do you know if something will sink or float in water?
if it is denser than water it will sink, if it is less dense, it will float
59
how old is the earth?
4.6 billion years
60
what is the density of liquid water
1 g/ml
61
what is the conversion from ml to cm3
1:1