unit 2 (earth's systems and materials) Flashcards
system
assemblages of interrelated components working together by way of a driving force; example eight-planet solar system driven by gravity from the Sun
model
a representation of an object or system
atmosphere
a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth
hydrosphere
all the water on earth
biosphere
part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere
geosphere
the mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth
density
mass per unit volume of a substance
evaporation
the change of state from a liquid to a gas
precipitation
water that condenses out of the atmosphere and falls to Earth in droplets or crystals.
transpiration
evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
condensation
the change from a gas to a liquid
energy
the ability of a system to do work
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
isolated system
a system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.
closed system
a system in which energy is transferred with its surroundings but no matter is allowed to enter or leave
open system
a system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings
cohesion
attraction between molecules of the same substance
adhesion
attraction between molecules of different substances
polarity
a condition in which opposite ends of a molecule have slightly opposite charges, but the overall charge of the molecule is neutral
atom
the basic unit of matter
electrons
subatomic particles with a negative charge; found outside of the nucleus of an atom
element
a substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
neutrons
subatomic particles with no charge; found inside of the nucleus of an atom
nucleus (of atom)
the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons
protons
subatomic particles with a positive charge; found inside of the nucleus of an atom
water vapor
water in the form of a gas
water cycle
the continual movement of water among Earth’s atmosphere, oceans and land surface
volume
amount of space occupied by an object
triple beam balance
tool used to measure mass
salinity
a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
graduated cylinder
tool used to measure the volume of a liquid
mass
the amount of matter in an object
what are the three parts of the water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
what are the four major earth systems
atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
why is water important for life
cuz it is good solvent
chemical composition of water
two positive hydrogen and one negative oxygen
what are the three subatomic particles that make up atom
proton, neutron, and electron
where is the proton located
nucleus
where is the neutron located
nucleus
where is the electron located
orbital
what happens when you take or add an electron
changes charge
what happens when you take or add a proton
becomes new element
what happens when you take or add a neutron
becomes an isotype
what is the mass of a proton
1 amu
what is the mass of a neutron
1 amu
what is the mass of an electron
0
explain what happened in the water cycle lab
lamp evaporated water, ice cooling the water represented condensation, and then the water falling from the plastic wrap was precipitation
what kind of system was the water cycle lab
closed system because matter was not exchanged but energy was
whats the formula for percent error
% error = |measured - real| / real
what is the formula for finding density?
D = mass/volume
what are the three phases of matter
solid, gas, liquid
what is the formula for finding volume?
V = mass/density
what is the formula for finding mass?
M = density * volume
is water more or less dense when frozen
less dense because the hydrogen bonds are stable when frozen but constantly bonding and breaking when liquid
are most things denser when solid, gas, or liquid
solid
rank from densist to least dense: liquid, solid, gas
solid, liquid, gas
why does ice float in water?
because it is less dense than water
when things get hot are the typically liquid or solid
liquid
which part of the earth is densist
the lowest layer because the densist things sank to the bottom whereas the less dense things stayed at the top
how do you know if something will sink or float in water?
if it is denser than water it will sink, if it is less dense, it will float
how old is the earth?
4.6 billion years
what is the density of liquid water
1 g/ml
what is the conversion from ml to cm3
1:1
