UNIT 2 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
What is a key characteristic of brain development during infancy?
Rapid increase in synaptic connections, followed by pruning of unused connections.
Give an example of a reflex present in newborns.
Sucking or blinking
At what age do most infants typically begin walking?
Around 13 months
How do sensory abilities change from newborn to infant?
Infants can focus on close objects, which is an improvement from a newborns sight.
What are some factors that influence brain development?
Maturation, life experiences, and prenatal influences
What is parallel play?
When children play beside each other, but not directly with each other
What is separation anxiety?
Crying and signs of fear when left alone or with a stranger
What are the two complementary processes of social development?
Integration and differentiation.
How does cultural context influence identity development?
It shapes a child’s understanding of their place in society, their values, and their sense of self.
At what age does seperation anxiety typically appear?
8-12 months.
What are some key aspects of cognitive development?
Reasoning, remembering, and problem-solving
How do African cultural practices often approach child development?
By assigning responsibilities and tasks that align with perceived ontogenetic stages.
What is a “sociogenic process” in the context of child development?
A process where cultural beliefs and practices guide socialization and education.
What is the difference between African cultural views of child development and individualistic views?
African cultural views focus on general ontogenic stages of life, while individualistic views focus on the individual.
What role do elders play in the passing down of African cultural cognitive development?
They are the more knowledgeable members of society, that pass down knowledge, and cultural values.
How are biological and social development connected in infancy?
Biological development of the brain enables the formation of social attachments.
How does cognitive development influence social development?
Cognitive abilities allow children to understand social rules and engage in complex social interactions.
How does culture influence all three areas of development?
Culture influences biological development through things like diet, social development through values and interactions, and cognitive development through learning practices.
