Unit 2 Definitions Flashcards

0
Q

Aggregate supply

A

Total amount of output in an economy

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1
Q

Aggregate demand

A

AD = C + I + G + (X-M)

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2
Q

Balance of payments

A

Record of a countries transactions with the world

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3
Q

Base year

A

Year chosen as a good comparison in a series of data when holding an index

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4
Q

Bottlenecks

A

Constraint on the supply side of the economy which causes costs of AS to rise as the economy grows e.g qualified builders for Olympics making costs rise in the area

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5
Q

Business cycle

A

Tendency of economic activity to rise above and below the trend rate of economic growth

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6
Q

Budget

A

Annual statement by the gov of its intentions to tax and spend in future years. Comes out in March

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7
Q

Budget surplus

A

Amount by which tax revenue exceeds gov spending

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8
Q

Budget deficit

A

Amount by which gov spending exceeds tax revenue

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9
Q

Claimant count

A

A measure of those claiming unemployment benefits

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10
Q

Circular flow of income

A

Simple model of the economy which shows the movement of goods and services between households and firms and their payments in terms of money

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11
Q

Constant prices

A

Where the effects of inflation have been taken out

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12
Q

Consumer price index (CPI)

A

Measures average price levels. Increases in CPI are known as inflation and this is used as a target for monetary policy.

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13
Q

Consumption

A

Total planner household spending.

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14
Q

Cost of living

A

Measure of how much money will buy. Measure by comparing the price of the basket of goods

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15
Q

Current account of the balance of payments

A

Record of a countries trade in goods, trade in services, current transfers and investment income

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16
Q

Current prices

A

The effects of inflation have been left in

17
Q

Demand side policies

A

Policies used by the gov to shift AD. Main ones are monetary policy and fiscal policy.

18
Q

Economic growth

A

Measure of the increase in real GDP or potential GDP

19
Q

Equilibrium national income

A

Level of income or output at which AD equals AS

20
Q

Exchange rate

A

The price of one currency in terms of another

21
Q

Exports

A

Value of goods and services sold abroad. Shown in circular flow of income as an injection

22
Q

Flow

A

Movement of products or the money used to pay for them over a time period

23
Q

Fiscal deficit

A

Inflationary fiscal policy where gov spending is more than tax receipts

24
Q

Fiscal policy

A

Governments manipulation of its spending and taxation in order to shift AD

25
Q

Fiscal surplus

A

Deflationary fiscal policy where gov spending is less than tax receipts

26
Q

Government expenditure

A

Spending by central and local government

27
Q

Gross domestic product

A

GDP - total output in an economy measure by total production by firms, total incomes by the factors of production or by total spending

28
Q

Hot money

A

Short term speculative flows of money between countries. Nah distort exchange rates so they don’t reflect the real purchasing power parity. Motivation for these movements is changes in IR

29
Q

Human development index (HDI)

A

Measurement of economic development. 3 parts equally weighted index numbers. Health, education and GDP per capita

30
Q

International Labour Organisation (ILO)

A
Measure of unemployment used in most rich countries. 51,000 households (101,000 people) by phone 
Questions are;
Got job?
Looking for one in last 4 weeks?
Ready start in next 2 weeks?
31
Q

Imports

A

Value of products bought from abroad. Shown in circular flow of income as withdrawals

32
Q

Income

A

Reward paid for the use of a factor of production: rent wages interest or profit

33
Q

Income inequality

A

Measures the gap between the incomes e.g lowest and highest decile might have a difference of 90%

34
Q

Index

A

Simple way to compare data with a base year

35
Q

Inflation

A

General and persistent increase in the price level

36
Q

Inflation targeting

A

Narrowly focused monetary policy which seeks to keep rate of inflation within a certain band

37
Q

Injections

A

When money flows into the circular flow of income. Investment, gov spending and exports

38
Q

Interest rate

A

Cost of borrowing

Reward for saving

39
Q

Investment

A

Increase in capital stock. Determined by interest rates, confidence and the availability of credit

40
Q

Labour productivity

A

Output per worker or output per hour worked

41
Q

Monetary policy

A

Decisions made using monetary policy instruments such as the interest rates