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GCSE OCR Computer Science - J277 > Unit 2 - Data Representation > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Data Representation Flashcards

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1
Q

How many bits form a byte?

A

8 bits form a byte.

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2
Q

How many bytes form a kilobyte?

A

1000 bytes form 1 kilobyte.

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3
Q

How many combinations can 4 bits (nibble) produce?

A

4 bits (a nibble) can produce 16 different combinations.

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4
Q

How many combinations can 8 bits (1 byte) produce?

A

8 bits (1 byte) can produce 256 different combinations.

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5
Q

How many base numbers are there in denary?

A

Denary has a base 10 number system.

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6
Q

How many base numbers are there in hexadecimal?

A

Hexadecimal is a base 16 number system (0-9 and then A-F).

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7
Q

How many base numbers are there in binary?

A

Binary has a base 2 number system (0 and 1).

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8
Q

How do you calculate the largest number that can be held in a certain amount of bits?

A

To find the largest number of bits, you do 2^n, where n is the number of bits available.

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9
Q

Which numbers are stored in one bit?

A

0 and 1 are numbers that are stored in one bit.

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10
Q

How many bits are there in a nibble?

A

There are 4 bits in a nibble.

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11
Q

How many bits are there in a byte?

A

There are 8 bits in a byte.

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12
Q

What are the units after a kilobyte?

A

The units after a kilobyte are megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), terabyte (TB), and petabyte (PB).

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13
Q

What is zero as an 8 bit binary number?

A

0000 0000 is zero represented as an 8 bit binary number.

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14
Q

What is 255 in binary?

A

1111 1111 is 255 represented in binary.

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15
Q

What is 39 as an 8 bit number?

A

0010 0111 is 39 represented as an 8 bit binary number. (32+4+2+1)

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16
Q

How can you tell if a binary number is odd or even?

A

Even numbers will not have a 1 at the end, whereas odd numbers will.

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17
Q

Convert “F” from hexadecimal to denary.

A

F in hexadecimal is 15 in denary.

18
Q

Convert 10 from denary to hexadecimal.

A

10 in denary is A in hexadecimal.

19
Q

What is 27 (hex) in denary?

A

27 (hex) in denary is 39. (2x16+7)

20
Q

What is 3B in binary? (workings needed)

A

3B is equal to 001 1011 (split the hex characters into nibbles)

21
Q

What is C (hex) in denary?

A

C in hexadecimal is 12 in denary.

22
Q

What is 2B (hex) in denary?

A

2B (hexadecimal) is 43 in denary. (16x2 + 1x11 = 32+11 =43)

23
Q

What is 1010 0011 in hexadecimal?

A

1010 0011 (binary) is A3 in hexadecimal.

24
Q

Perform a left shift on the binary number 0110 1011 (107).

A

0110 1011 (107) when shifted left is 1101 0110 (214.

A left shift DOUBLES a number.

25
Q

Perform a right shift on the binary number 1011 0110 (182).

A

1011 0110 (182) when shifted right is 0101 1011 (91)

A right shift HALVES a number.

26
Q

What does ASCII stand for?

A

ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

27
Q

How many bits are in extended ASCII?

A

There are 8 bits in extended ASCII.

28
Q

How many characters does extended ASCII allow?

A

Extended ASCII allows for 256 characters.

29
Q

How many bytes are in Unicode?

A

16 bit Unicode has 2 bytes and 32 bit has 4 bytes.

30
Q

How many bytes are needed to store “Hello everyone.”

A

15 bytes are needed to store “Hello everyone.”

Full stops and spaces COUNT as characters.

31
Q

Name a bitmap image file format.

A

Some bitmap image file formats include BMP JPG, GIF, PNG and TIFF.

32
Q

What are Bitmap images made up of?

A

Bitmap images are made up of pixels (picture elements).

33
Q

How do you calculate bit depth?

A

To calculate bit depth, you do 2^n, where n = the bits per pixels.

34
Q

How many RGB values are there?

A

There are 256 RGB values (0-255).

35
Q

Sample rate is measured in what unit?

A

Sample rate is measured in Hertz (Hz).

36
Q

The number of bits available to store each sample is known as what?

A

The number of bits available to store each sample is known as bit rate.

37
Q

What is the formula for calculating the size of an uncompressed music file?

A

Sample rate x bit depth x duration

38
Q

Why is compression needed?

A

Compression reduces the size of files - making them easier to transmit and store.

39
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

Lossy compression is a method of compression that is permanent and loses some of the original data.

40
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

Lossless compression is a method of compression that does not lose data permanently, and it finds patterns in the original text and encodes each pattern in a dictionary.

GCSE OCR Computer Science - J277 (3 decks)

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