Unit 2 - criminological theories Flashcards
What are the genetic theories in biological?
XXY Theory (Jacob et al)
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies (Mendick)
What are physiological theories in biological?
Cesare Lombroso - the father of modern criminology (born criminal: Atavistic (primitive) features)
William Sheldon (Somatotypes: Mesomorphic - muscular / hard = aggressive / adventurous
Brain abnormality (PET scans; Phineas Gage)
Neurochemical (food / diet)
What are the learning theories in individualistic?
Differential association theory (E Surtherland)
Operant learning theory (B F Skinner)
Social learning theory (Albert Bandura: Bobo Doll)
What are psychodynamic theories in individualistic?
Pschoanalysis (Sigmund Freud - superego; ego; id)
Maternal deprivation theory (Bowlby)
What are psychological theories in individualistic?
Personality theory (Hans Eysenck: personality types)
Aversion therapy (Hans Eysenck)
Moral development theory (Kohlberg’s cognitive theories of crime)
What are realism theories in sociological?
Right realism (Charles Murray - the ‘underclass’ - inadequate social control) (Wilson & Kelling’s ‘broken window’ theory: rational choice)
Left realism (Capitalism / social change)
Surveillance theories: Foucault (the panopticon)
What is interactionism (Labelling theory) in sociological?
Labelling / media: Folk Devils (Howard Becker)
Marxist: capitalism (W Chambliss)
What are the other theories in sociological?
Functionalist approach to crime (Durkheim - E.G. Anomie)
Strain theory (Merton: the ‘American dream’)
Status frustration (A Cohen: subcultures)
3 subcultures (Cloward & Ohlin)
What are Endomorphs?
Rounded, soft and tending to fat, lacking muscles or tone, with wide hips. Personality is sociable, relaxed, comfortable and outgoing.
What are Ectomorphs?
Thin and fragile, lacking both fat and muscle, flat chested, narrow hips and shoulders, thin faced and high forehead. Personality is self-conscious, fragile, inward looking, emotionally restrained and thoughtful.
What are Mesomorphs?
Muscular and hard bodied, very little fat and strong limbs, broad shoulders and narrow waist. Personality is adventurous, sensation-seeking, assertive, domineering and enjoy physical activity.
What is XYY syndrome?
Labelled ‘super male syndrome’. They tend to be very tall and well built, low intelligence. Jacob et al claims men with XYY are more aggressive and potentially violent than other men.
