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PRODUCT DESIGN > Unit 2 (CP) > Flashcards

Unit 2 (CP) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 mechanical properties

A

Toughness , Flexibility, Elasticity, Mouldability

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2
Q

What is toughness

A

Toughness of polymers determines ability to absorb energy and deform plasticically without cracking

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3
Q

What is elasticity

A

Materials resistance to distortion and ability to return to original shape
Polyurethane used to produce fabrics with good elasticity

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4
Q

What is Flexibility and folding

A

Flexibility is the ability of a material to be bent or folded without breaking
Stiffness is how rigid a material is
Thermoplastics tend to be stiff and rigid when set

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5
Q

What is mouldability

A

A polymer ability to be shaped into a form or mould will dictate type of product used for

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6
Q

What is physical properties and some examples

A

Physical properties are the measurable characteristic a material displays
Example - insulation , self finishing , uv resistance , melting points , transparency

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7
Q

What is thermal insulation

A

Thermal insulators reduce heat transfer,
especially between objects and people
Some polymer materials are formed with
air trapped inside them to create foams
that are used as insulation in packaging
and in the construction industry

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8
Q

What is electrical insulation

A

An electrical insulator is a material that does not allow electricity to flow freely through it
Polymers are very good electrical insulators, making them especially useful for electrical product casings and shielding

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9
Q

What is UV resistance

A

UV ‘bleaches’ the colour from polymers like ABS, which is commonly used for products such as garden furniture

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10
Q

What polymer is resistant to chemicals

A

HDPE

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11
Q

What is polymer films and moulded polymer usually used for

A

Food packaging

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12
Q

what is transparency

A

Transparency dictates how permeable a material
is to light radiation – how see-through it is

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13
Q

What is self finishing

A

Polymers are widely regarded as self-finishing which means no additional surface finishing is required

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14
Q

Why are additives useful in polymers

A

Additives are sometimes used to make polymers easier and more efficient to process

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14
Q

What is recycling

A

Recycling is the process of recovering waste polymers and reprocessing them into
useful materials and products

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15
Q

What does recycling reduce and prevent

A

Prevents waste being sent to landfill or dumped
Reduces reliance on the production
of new material from finite resources

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16
Q

What are the two main polymers and characteristics

A

Thermoplastics and Thermosets
React to heat in different ways and have different molecular structures

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17
Q

What are synthetic polymers

A

Synthetic polymers are produced
from finite resources such as
coal, gas and oil

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18
Q

What are natural polymers

A

Natural polymers come from a
variety of sources such as
rubber and amber, which
come from trees

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19
Q

When does fractional distillation occur

A

when crude oil is heated in the crude oil distillation unit

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20
Q

What is cracking

A

This is the process of converting the large hydrocarbon molecules found in the separated fuel types into smaller, more useful versions

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21
Q

Polymerisation

A

Molecules of single compounds known as monomers join together
These atoms are joined end to end to form long chains
The long chains of molecules are called polymers MONO (one) 🡪 🡪 🡪 POLY ( Many)

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22
Q

Thermoplastics characteristics

A

They have long chains of molecules, tangled together with no fixed structure or pattern
They are generally soft and flexible with some shape memory

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23
Q

What is LDPE and characteristics

A

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is derived from ethylene – it is quite flexible, but also tough. Has excellent resistance to chemicals

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24
Q

What is HDPE and characteristics

A

High-density polyethylene HDPE is tough and has a higher strength to weight ratio than LDPE. HDPE is harder than LDPE but
also has good chemical resistance
commonly used for bottles

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25
Q

What is Polypropylene and characteristics

A

is a tough, flexible polymer with excellent fatigue resistance. It is available in translucent form and in a range of colours
PP is resistant to chemicals and solvents

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26
Q

What is HIPS and characteristics

A

High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) is a rigid lightweight polymer with high impact strength. It has the ability to retain heat
without deformation
It has a glossy appearance

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27
Q

What is ABS and characteristics

A

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is hard and tough with excellent impact strength. ABS has very good resistance to
acids, alkalis, oils and grease
It is easily moulded with a high quality
surface finish which can be painted

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28
Q

What is PMMA (acrylic) and characteristics

A

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is more commonly known as acrylic and is a tough lightweight material
It can be a clear plastic but is available
in a very wide range of colours
It has relatively poor resistance
to chemicals compared to
many polymers

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29
Q

Nylon characteristics

A

Nylon has a low coefficient of friction , It’s durable and resistant to abrasion , It is heat resistant

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30
Q

Flexible PVC characteristics

A

Water resistant , good chemical resistance

31
Q

What are thermosetting plastics

A

Known as condensation polymerisation because each time two monomers form a bond a small molecule of water is produced. This reaction is exothermic and generates heat

32
Q

What are thermosets

A

Thermosets are more brittle than thermoplastics and are best suited to stiffer mouldings. They retain their shape well
at high temperatures

33
Q

What is UF and characteristics

A

Urea formaldehyde (UF) is a hard, opaque resin made from urea and formaldehyde, a naturally occurring organic compound.
UF has good resistance to deformation by heat . UF has a high tensile strength

34
Q

What is MF and characteristics

A

Melamine formaldehyde (MF) is a hard, scratch resistant, opaque polymer. MF has good resistance to heat and chemicals

35
Q

What is polyester resin and where is it most commonly used

A

most common form of resin used in the marine industry. Polyester resins are resistant to water, heat and chemicals

36
Q

What is epoxy resin and characteristics

A

Epoxy resin is a clear resin that also needs to be mixed with a catalyst to cure. It maintains its integrity at high temperatures
It has good chemical resistance

37
Q

what are some polymers available in stock forms

A

Sheet
Film
Granules
Rod and other extruded forms
Foam
Powder

38
Q

Sheet

A

One of the moat recognisable polymers available in different types. Laminated sheet , fluted sheet. May be used in flat form or cut or mouled

39
Q

Film

A

Commonly associated with clear food wrap but comes in variety. Packaging film , carrier bag , membrane

40
Q

granules

A

Many thermoplastics are made in granules for for easy processing when making moulded forms. PVC granules used for playgrounds

41
Q

Rod

A

Extrusion is method which polymer granules like nylon and PP are melted into continuous form

42
Q

Foam

A

Commonly produced using combination of polymer , additive/ catalyst , heat and aor or gas

43
Q

Powders

A

Polymer powders are often used as a coating for metal surfaces to protect them against corrosion. Used for household appliances, bike and car parts

44
Q

Foam board

A

lamination of 2 white card face layers sanwiched around foam core. Lightweight and easy to cut good for model making

45
Q

Fluted PP

A

Lightweight extruded sheet with integrated channels or flutes which is available in wide range of colours. Easily creased and bent

46
Q

What is translucent PP

A

translucent PP sheet is a very tough, tear and water resistant material that may be coloured or clear and can be printed on and laser cut safely

47
Q

What is Styrofoam

A

Often used in the school workshop, Styrofoam® is a dense extruded foam that is usually blue in colour
Commonly used for model making

48
Q

What is LDPE sheet

A

Low density polyethylene sheet is a tough flexible material with very good chemical resistance. It is available as a very thin film or sheet, making it a
practical solution

49
Q

What is Plastazote® foam

A

Plastazote® is an engineered foam which
is tough, flexible and very lightweight. It has excellent impact resistance making it ideal for use in protective packaging, protective sportswear

50
Q

What is cellulose acetate

A

Cellulose acetate is a tough, transparent, naturally derived thermoplastic film that is biodegradable

51
Q

What are elastomers

A

Elastomers are polymers that are highly elastic and capable of recovering their original shape after being stretched.
Most are thermosets

52
Q

What are thermoplastic elastomers

A

Thermoplastic elastomers known as TPEs are polymer blends which can be heated and moulded without forming cross links

53
Q

Stretching

A

All elastomers are flexible and elastic meaning that they can be stretched and still return to their original shape. They can expand or contract relating to temp changes. Commonly used swimming hats

54
Q

Grip

A

As flexible, impact absorbing materials, elastomers can be used to enhance the ergonomics of products. Found on toothbrushes

55
Q

What is texture

A

Elastomers are self-finishing but their finish will depend on the way they were processed. Most have textures rolled or pressed into them

56
Q

The 1st elastomer

A

Natural rubber is obtained by tapping the milky sap of the rubber tree, it is also known as Indian rubber. Brought to Europe in the late 15th century by Christopher Columbus from South America, its properties were only fully realised in 19th century

57
Q

Vulcanisation

A

Vulcanisation is a process used to cure rubber making it harder, more durable and heat resistant. When heated the sulfuric atoms form cross links

58
Q

What is natural rubber

A

Natural rubber is a mouldable, self finishing material. It has excellent tensile strength, is tough, elastic and is hard and compared to other elastomers . Natural rubber is a good insulator and can withstand low temperatures

59
Q

Is Natural rubber toxic

A

Natural rubber is non-toxic and so is safe for use in products that come into contact with the skin or may be sucked or chewed like teats for babies bottles

60
Q

What is Polybutadiene

A

Polybutadiene or butadiene rubber (BR) is a strong synthetic rubber which is highly resistant to wear

61
Q

What is Neoprene

A

Neoprene® is polychloroprene rubber (PC rubber) which comes in both closed and open cell forms. In its closed cell form it has a similar appearance to rubber and is dense, smooth, weather and heat resistant,
In open cell form, it is more spongy and less dense

62
Q

Silicone

A

Silicone rubber is a very stable, non-reactive material that is resistant to extreme temperatures . used as homeware appliances

63
Q

Degradable meaning

A

Those called ‘degradable’ do so by breaking down very slowly into tiny plastic particles which do not assimilate back into the earth but remain, pollute and can get into the food chain

64
Q

Compostable materials

A

Compostable means that the material breaks down under certain specific conditions into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds and biomass

64
Q

what does biodegradable mean

A

Biodegradable polymers will break down without oxygen and turn into carbon dioxide, water and biomass, finally assimilating, however this can still take several years

65
Q

Oxy - degradation

A

Some biodegradable polymers
are designed to break down
when exposed to oxygen

66
Q

Photo - degradation

A

Polymers that are photo-degradable will start to break down when exposed to UV light

67
Q

Hydro - degradation

A

these polymers are designed to degrade and dissolve when exposed to water. These polymers are ideally suited to applications
that require a hygienic or leak-free
seal before exposure to water. Laundry liquid pods

68
Q

Corn starch polymers

A

Corn starch polymer is a naturally derived biopolymer which is commonly used in packaging and for single use applications.
It is food safe and resistant to fats, It is oxy-biodegradable , It is UV resistant, It is printable

69
Q

PotatoPak

A

PotatoPak is another starch based, compostable, natural biopolymer but made from potatoes

70
Q

Biopol®

A

Biopol® is the trade name for Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) a natural biopolymer made from bacteria. It can be moulded, formed and extruded and can be used as an additive to promote bio-degradation in other thermoplastics

71
Q

Polylactide acid

A

PLA is a synthetic biopolymer fermented and synthesised from corn starch

72
Q

Lactide

A

Lactide is a synthetic PLA based polymer. It is compostable and hydro-degradable and its various applications utilise this property

73
Q

Glycolide

A

Similar to Lactide, Glycolide is also a synthetic PLA based polymer, it is available as a sheet and a film.

PRODUCT DESIGN (2 decks)

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