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Patient Centered Care (Fall) > Unit 2 - Cognition, Mood, Affect > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Cognition, Mood, Affect Flashcards

1
Q

include disorders with a deficit in cognition or memory that causes a significant change from a previous level of functioning

A

Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD’s)

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2
Q

Mild NCD is also called…

A

mild cognitive impairment

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3
Q

Major NCD was previously described as _____ in the DSM 4-TR

A

Dementia

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4
Q

NCD due to _____ is the most common

A

Alzheimer’s

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5
Q

How does NCD differ from Delirium?

A

NCD: chronic & permanent
Delirium: Acute & can be treated though it can cause NCD

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6
Q

Characterized by a disturbance of attention and awareness and a change in cognition that develops over a short period

A

Delirium

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7
Q

Delirium can have a slower onset if underlying etiology is…

A

systemic illness or metabolic imbalance

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8
Q

_____ subsides completely upon recovery from underlying determinant

A

Delirium

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9
Q

The patient is very distractible and has to be repeatedly reminded to focus attention. Disorganized thinking prevails as evidenced by rambling, incoherent speech.

A

Delirium

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10
Q

5 S/S of Delirium

A

Autonomic Manifestations:

  • tachycardia
  • elevated BP
  • dilated pupils
  • sweating
  • flushed face
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11
Q

Delirium vs Dementia:

  • Onset
  • Course
  • Duration
  • Consciousness
  • Attention
  • Psychomotor changes
  • Revercibility
A
  • acute, insidious
  • fluctuating, progressive
  • days to weeks, months to year
  • altered, clear
  • impaired, normal (except with severe)
  • increased or decreased, normal
  • usually, rarely
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12
Q

_____ Delirium:

  • agitation
  • restlessness
  • attempts to remove tubes & lines
A

hyperactive

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13
Q

_____ Delirium:

  • withdrawal
  • flat affect
  • apathy
  • lethargy
  • decreased responsiveness
A

hypoactive

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14
Q

_____ Delirium

- patients fluctuate between hyper and hypo

A

mixed

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15
Q

characterized by a state of generalized cognitive deficits in which there is a deterioration of previously acquired intellectual abilities.

A

Dementia

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16
Q

was created in 1990, and it was intended to be a bedside assessment tool usable by non-psychiatrists by Dr. Sharon Inouye to assess for delirium.

A

CAM (Confusion Assessment Method)

17
Q

Delirium is defined in terms of four diagnostic features, and is deemed positive when

A

Feature 1 + Feature 2 + Feature 3 or 4

18
Q

When to use benzodiazepines for Delirium

A

when etiology is substance withdrawal

19
Q

Are antipsychotics recommended to treat NCD

A

NOOO!!! Black Box Warning for First Gen antipsychotics because there is an increase risk for death in elderly pt’s

20
Q

Side effects of antipsychotics

A
  • Extrapyramidal: jitterness & tremors

- anticholinergic: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention

21
Q

Contraindications for antipsychotics

A
  • hypersensitive
  • CNS depression/comatose
  • blood dyscrasias
  • Parkinson’s
  • Narrow Angle Glaucoma
  • Liver, Renal, or Cardiac Insufficiency
22
Q
  • In assessing NCD, CT’s of the brain will show the…
  • An LP will show…
  • PET scans show the…
A
  • size and shape
  • CNS infection
  • metabolic activity of the brain
23
Q

_____ include psychological disorders characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person’s mood

A

Mood DIsorders

24
Q

It causes highs and lows, but isn’t as extreme as bipolar

A

Cyclothymeia

25
Q

(or persistent depressive disorder) is in-between normal mood and mild depression.

A

Dysthymia

26
Q

a low mood that has occurred for at least 2 years and with at least 2 other symptoms of depression.

A

Dysthymia

27
Q
  • Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities
  • Social and occupational functioning impaired for at least 2 weeks
  • No history of manic behavior
  • Cannot be attributed to use of substances or a general medical condition
  • The patient must meet 5 or more of 9 symptoms
A

Major Depressive Disorder

28
Q

_____ is similar to MDD, but milder

A

Dysthymia

29
Q
  • Characterized by mood swings from profound depression to extreme euphoria (mania), with intervening periods of normalcy
  • Delusions or hallucinations may or may not be part of clinical picture
  • Onset of symptoms may reflect seasonal pattern
A

Bipolar Disorder

30
Q

age of onset for bipolar disorder

A

early 20’s

31
Q
  • 1 or more manic or mixed episodes leading to: serious problems, hospitalization, psychotic features
A

Bipolar 1

32
Q
  • 1 or more hypomanic episodes (4 days or more), and no mania
  • 1 or more major depressive episodes (2 weeks or more)
A

Bipolar II

33
Q
  • altering between hypomanic symptoms and mild or moderate depressive moods like Bipolar II
  • less severe, higher functioning
A

Cyclothymia

34
Q

What does ECT treat

A

Mania

Patient Centered Care (Fall) (3 decks)

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