Unit 2 Code.Org Vocab

Question 1

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Answer 1

Computing Device

Question 2

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Answer 2

Computing System

Question 3

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

Answer 3

Computing Network

Question 4

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.

Answer 4

Path

Question 5

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

Answer 5

Bandwidth

Question 6

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

Answer 6

Protocol

Question 7

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet

Answer 7

IP Address

Question 8

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Answer 8

Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 9

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Answer 9

Router

Question 10

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

Answer 10

Redundancy

Question 11

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures.

Answer 11

Fault Tolerant

Question 12

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

Answer 12

Packet Metadata

Question 13

Information passed through the internet in packets

Answer 13

Datastream

Question 14

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all

Answer 14

Packet

Question 15

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

Answer 15

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Question 16

A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered

Answer 16

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Question 17

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

Answer 17

Scalability

Question 18

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

Answer 18

World Wide Web

Question 19

A global network of networks that allow us to access web files

Answer 19

Internet

Question 20

responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

Answer 20

Domain Name System

Question 21

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

Answer 21

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Question 22

text files with small pieces of data (like a username and password) that are used to identify your computer as you use a computer network.

Answer 22

Cookies

Question 23

The standard markup language used to create web pages. It is written in the form of elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <h1> ).

Answer 23

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Question 24

differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

Answer 24

Digital Divide

Question 25

Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver

Answer 25

Latency

Question 26

a networking utility to test the reachability of a host on the Internet

Answer 26

Ping

Question 27

a networking utility used to trace the route and measure delays of packets moving through the Internet

Answer 27

Traceroute

Question 28

Abstraction model of the Internet with 4 layers of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices. Layers only interact with the layer above or below. The layers are: Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internet Layer, Link Layer

Answer 28

TCP/IP Model

Question 29

Both symmetric and public key encryption are used to provide communication security over a computer network

Answer 29

SSL/TLS

Question 30

similar to identification cards, they are electronic credentials that are used to certify the online identities of individuals, organizations, and computers

Answer 30

Digital Certificates

Question 31

An entity that issues digital certificates, which certify the ownership of public keys. It verifies the authenticity of encryption keys used in secured communications

Answer 31

Certificate Authorities

Question 32

as packets move through the stack of the TCP/IP Model data is added as headers to the packet with information necessary for transit on the Internet

Answer 32

Encapsulation