Unit 2 Code.Org Vocab Flashcards
a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
Computing Device
a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
Computing System
a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.
Computing Network
the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.
Path
the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second
Bandwidth
An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
Protocol
The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet
IP Address
a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
Internet Protocol (IP)
A type of computer that forwards data across a network
Router
the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.
Redundancy
Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures.
Fault Tolerant
Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.
Packet Metadata
Information passed through the internet in packets
Datastream
A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all
Packet
A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands
Scalability
a system of linked pages, programs, and files
World Wide Web
A global network of networks that allow us to access web files
Internet
responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses
Domain Name System
a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
text files with small pieces of data (like a username and password) that are used to identify your computer as you use a computer network.
Cookies
The standard markup language used to create web pages. It is written in the form of elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <h1> ).
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics
Digital Divide
Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver
Latency
a networking utility to test the reachability of a host on the Internet
Ping
a networking utility used to trace the route and measure delays of packets moving through the Internet
Traceroute
Abstraction model of the Internet with 4 layers of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices. Layers only interact with the layer above or below. The layers are: Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internet Layer, Link Layer
TCP/IP Model
Both symmetric and public key encryption are used to provide communication security over a computer network
SSL/TLS
similar to identification cards, they are electronic credentials that are used to certify the online identities of individuals, organizations, and computers
Digital Certificates
An entity that issues digital certificates, which certify the ownership of public keys. It verifies the authenticity of encryption keys used in secured communications
Certificate Authorities
as packets move through the stack of the TCP/IP Model data is added as headers to the packet with information necessary for transit on the Internet
Encapsulation
