Unit 2 CIS 2016 Flashcards
The process of transmitting information from one individual or group to another is the definition of
Communication
In a democracy the mass media perform the function of
Promoting communication between government and citizens
Which of the following is true of 20th century media competition in major city newspaper outlets
A. There was much turnover in ownership
B. Ownership was concentrated among a few individuals
C. Cost increases were driven by increased competition
D. Competition remained constant
E. competition decreased
E. competition decreased
Criticism of talk radio centers on its
Airing of extreme views, which tends to polarize politics
The Internet was started (when and by whom)
In 1969, with support from the US department of defense
Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry
Dependent on advertising revenues
Which of the following story is most likely to make the televised evening news in the United States
A.A war between to foreign countries not allied with the United States
B.efforts by a developing country to improve healthcare
C.A peaceful transition of government in another country
D.A murder in the city from which of the broadcast originates
E. A successful community event
D. A murder in the city from which of the broadcast originates
CBS News regularly feature stories on health related issues and prescription drugs because
It has the oldest viewing audience among all network television news programs
The trend an ownership of mass media in the United States has been toward
Greater concentration of ownership
Some critics of the telecommunications act of 1996 believe it well
Allow a few giant corporations to control the media
The broadcast media have historically given more equal treatment to political candidates then have the print media because
The broadcast media have operated under content regulations imposed by the federal communications commission
Content analysis of network new suggests that most coverage focuses on
The president
The television hypothesis is the belief that television
Is to blame for the low level of citizens knowledge about public affairs
Available evidence seems indicate that there are —- among journalist and reporters
Liberal leanings
In the United States today, the mass media
Provide a two-way channel of communication between people and the government
The fox effect
Introduced more colorful and conservative coverage
The now abolished —-obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues
Fairness doctrine
The televised presidential news conference has developed into an event in which
President and other high-level officials deliver carefully rehearsed answers to anticipated questions
The media executives, news editorsand prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as
Gatekeepers
Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media’s greatest influence on politics is its ability to
Set the political agenda
A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the days events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is
Infotainment
The reasonable access rule required
Broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues
Most of the news about the president of the United States comes from
News releases issued by the executive branches staff
During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaign events to coverage of the candidate who leads in the polls at the time is known as
Horse race journalism
One reason for the media’s impact as a socialization agent is
The fact that the average American child has watched about 19,000 hours of television by the end of high school
The text describes — as the actions by which private citizen seek to influence or support government and politics
Political participation
Unconventional political activities are most likely to be used by
Groups that have been denied access to the normal channel of influence
Antiwar protesters discouraged present Johnson from seeking reelection, showing that
Unconventional participation can be affective under certain conditions
In the long term, the national government responded to unconventional participation by civil rights activist with
Reforms designed to give minorities greater access to conventional forms of participation
At times, initiatives may work to the advantage of politicians because
Initiatives may free a politician from having to take sides on controversial issues
Although the United States has a much lower voter turnout than do other democracies, Americans may actually work harder at being good citizens because
The United States has far more elections then do other countries
Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are
Low education, low income, and being relatively young
On the whole, voter registration laws in the United States
Depress voter turn out
The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of
Those with greater resources
The text define suffrage and franchise as the right to
Vote
The last major expansion of suffrage in the United States involve the criterion of
Age
To ensure stability the objective of political institution and democratic system should be to
Channel participation into conventional activities
A direct primary is a
Preliminary election to choose party candidates
Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, because they
Hoped to channel student energy away from demonstration and towards a more conventional forms of participation
Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties
Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones
A political party’s primary purpose is to
Get candidates from its party elected to office
An election trend where in voters elect candidates from the political party they do not normally vote for and persist in this behavior for several elections would be identified as
Electoral realignment
Which of the following is an advantage of a two-party system over a multiparty system
Two-party systems force a variety of interest groups and factions to cooperate to win elections
Critics refute the television hypothesis by arguing that
People who are already politically uninterested tend to choose television as their information source
Americans tend to —- their local government
Demand much from
A distrust of special interest groups and government institutions combined with a belief that mankind is generally trustworthy describes what type of political reformer?
Populist
A bill was passed by the legislature permitting gay marriage in a state. If citizens are asked to vote to approve or disapprove this measure, it is known as a
Referendum
With respect to initiative and referendum mechanisms, the text concludes that
Citizens can exercise significant influence over public policy through them.
The decline in voter participation since 1960 can be attributed in large part to
The belief that government is not responsive, so voting does little good
How does education effect voter turnout
Well educated people are more likely to vote than are their less educated counterparts
Comparisons of the United States with other democracies indicate that strong links between social groups (such as labor unions) and political parties
Increase voter turnout
The original method of choosing candidates by caucus is most consistent with the
Elitist view
The presidency supports the two party system because
The presidency is a big enough political prize that uncomfortable coalitions will be preserves just to win the electoral vote
In 2000, the Republican Partys platform differed from that of the Democrats in
That it focused more on morals and morality
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality
Compared with national television news programs, local tv news programs report
Less about government and politics
The authors suggest that television nightly news is no longer a public service, but instead a
Profit center
Critics refute the television hypothesis by arguing that
People who are already politically uninterested tend to choose tv as their information source
If political parties suddenly disappeared, candidates would likely seek recognition on the basis of all the following except
Issue positions
The Era of Good Feeling was characterized by
A lack of party competition
The current partisan makeup of the electorate is best described as a
Almost equal balance among democrats, republicans, and independents
Which of the following best describes congressional campaign committees
They supplement the funds raised by individual congressional candidates
During the 1970’s and 1980’s the Republican Part undertook
Extensive organizational reforms to make it more effective in raising money and providing better support to its candidates
The election of 1824 was the first to feature
Selection of presidential electors by popular vote in most states
If the U.S. system of single-member districts with plurality voting were replaced with a system of proportional representation, one possible consequence would be
A movement toward a multiparty system
A local party organization that differs dramatically from the national party organization in positions on issues and attempt to ignore national party efforts at controlling the local organization would probably be unsuccessful because of
The money collected and distributed by national committees
Since the 1970’s, party loyalty in congress appears to have
Risen
Which of the following principles is not part of the responsible party government model?
Legislators should be responsive to their constituencies, even if doing so means voting against their party’s program.
Which category best applies to the Socialist Party?
Party of ideological protest
Political machines-centralized party organizations at the local level that dominates politics by controlling local elections declined because
Government began to provide the social services that had been the basis of popular loyalty and support for the machines
The style and tactics of contemporary presidential campaigns are controlled primarily by
A candidates personal campaign organization
Compared with political parties in most other democratic countries, political parties in the United States
Grant ordinary party voters far more power over the nomination process.
What fraction of regular party voters will vote in a primary election?
1/2
Presidential candidates are officially nominated by
Delegates at the party’s national convention
A state moves its primary to an earlier date to encourage presidential candidates who would otherwise have skipped that state to campaign there. This is known as
Front loading
Which of the following is a consequence of the presidential nomination process in the United States
Candidates who win the nomination do so mainly on their own and owe little or nothing to the national party organization
By national law — of the seats in the House if representatives and —- of the seats in the Senate are filled in a general election held every even numbered year.
All ; one third
Each state has one vote in the electoral college for
Each of its representatives and senators
Historically, public opinion polls have shown that Americans ( regarding the electoral college)
Oppose the electoral college
Strictly speaking, the presidential election is a — election? Not a national election
Federal
Soft Money
Money that is donated to party committees
527 committees enjoy tax exempt status of they
Are not associated with political parties and take positions on issues that do not support specific candidates
Which of the following originates in the United States and remains peculiar to us?
Primary elections
Running a federal rather than a national election means that
The electoral vote system gives weight to state results and not simply to the popular vote
Until the 1950’s, political campaigns were conducted primarily
Through political party organizations
A primary election on which voters must declare their party affiliation before they are given the primary ballot is a ________ priamry
Closed
The term applied when candidates silently begin lining up their support for the next race soon after one election ends is
Invisible primary
The primary goal of interest groups is to
Influence public opinion
Which of the following statements best reflects American attitudes toward interest groups
On the whole, Americans feel that interest groups further equality
______ Believe that interest groups further democracy by broadening representation within the system.
Pluralist
From a strategic point of view, PAC’s are primarily interested in donating money to candidates who
Are incumbents with with power in the PAC’s area of interest
527s differ from PACs in that they
Can accept contributions of unlimited size
Any increase in lobbying regulations conflicts with
The right to petition the government outlines in the Fist Amendment
In recent years, organized labors share of the workforce has
Declined
Americans who are most likely to join interest groups are
Wealthy and well educated
An important idea of pluralist theory is that
New interest groups naturally form when the need arises
A strategy that relies on a group representatives personal contact with policymakers is
Direct lobbying
Which of the following involves an interest groups rank and file membership as well as outreach to ordinary people outside the organization
Grassroots lobbying
