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Political Science > Unit 2 CIS 2016 > Flashcards

Unit 2 CIS 2016 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of transmitting information from one individual or group to another is the definition of

A

Communication

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2
Q

In a democracy the mass media perform the function of

A

Promoting communication between government and citizens

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3
Q

Which of the following is true of 20th century media competition in major city newspaper outlets
A. There was much turnover in ownership
B. Ownership was concentrated among a few individuals
C. Cost increases were driven by increased competition
D. Competition remained constant
E. competition decreased

A

E. competition decreased

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4
Q

Criticism of talk radio centers on its

A

Airing of extreme views, which tends to polarize politics

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5
Q

The Internet was started (when and by whom)

A

In 1969, with support from the US department of defense

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6
Q

Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry

A

Dependent on advertising revenues

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7
Q

Which of the following story is most likely to make the televised evening news in the United States
A.A war between to foreign countries not allied with the United States
B.efforts by a developing country to improve healthcare
C.A peaceful transition of government in another country
D.A murder in the city from which of the broadcast originates
E. A successful community event

A

D. A murder in the city from which of the broadcast originates

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8
Q

CBS News regularly feature stories on health related issues and prescription drugs because

A

It has the oldest viewing audience among all network television news programs

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9
Q

The trend an ownership of mass media in the United States has been toward

A

Greater concentration of ownership

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10
Q

Some critics of the telecommunications act of 1996 believe it well

A

Allow a few giant corporations to control the media

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11
Q

The broadcast media have historically given more equal treatment to political candidates then have the print media because

A

The broadcast media have operated under content regulations imposed by the federal communications commission

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12
Q

Content analysis of network new suggests that most coverage focuses on

A

The president

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13
Q

The television hypothesis is the belief that television

A

Is to blame for the low level of citizens knowledge about public affairs

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14
Q

Available evidence seems indicate that there are —- among journalist and reporters

A

Liberal leanings

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15
Q

In the United States today, the mass media

A

Provide a two-way channel of communication between people and the government

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16
Q

The fox effect

A

Introduced more colorful and conservative coverage

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17
Q

The now abolished —-obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues

A

Fairness doctrine

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18
Q

The televised presidential news conference has developed into an event in which

A

President and other high-level officials deliver carefully rehearsed answers to anticipated questions

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19
Q

The media executives, news editorsand prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as

A

Gatekeepers

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20
Q

Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media’s greatest influence on politics is its ability to

A

Set the political agenda

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21
Q

A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the days events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is

A

Infotainment

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22
Q

The reasonable access rule required

A

Broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues

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23
Q

Most of the news about the president of the United States comes from

A

News releases issued by the executive branches staff

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24
Q

During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaign events to coverage of the candidate who leads in the polls at the time is known as

A

Horse race journalism

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25
Q

One reason for the media’s impact as a socialization agent is

A

The fact that the average American child has watched about 19,000 hours of television by the end of high school

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26
Q

The text describes — as the actions by which private citizen seek to influence or support government and politics

A

Political participation

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27
Q

Unconventional political activities are most likely to be used by

A

Groups that have been denied access to the normal channel of influence

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28
Q

Antiwar protesters discouraged present Johnson from seeking reelection, showing that

A

Unconventional participation can be affective under certain conditions

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29
Q

In the long term, the national government responded to unconventional participation by civil rights activist with

A

Reforms designed to give minorities greater access to conventional forms of participation

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30
Q

At times, initiatives may work to the advantage of politicians because

A

Initiatives may free a politician from having to take sides on controversial issues

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31
Q

Although the United States has a much lower voter turnout than do other democracies, Americans may actually work harder at being good citizens because

A

The United States has far more elections then do other countries

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32
Q

Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

A

Low education, low income, and being relatively young

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33
Q

On the whole, voter registration laws in the United States

A

Depress voter turn out

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34
Q

The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of

A

Those with greater resources

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35
Q

The text define suffrage and franchise as the right to

A

Vote

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36
Q

The last major expansion of suffrage in the United States involve the criterion of

A

Age

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37
Q

To ensure stability the objective of political institution and democratic system should be to

A

Channel participation into conventional activities

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38
Q

A direct primary is a

A

Preliminary election to choose party candidates

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39
Q

Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, because they

A

Hoped to channel student energy away from demonstration and towards a more conventional forms of participation

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40
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties

A

Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones

41
Q

A political party’s primary purpose is to

A

Get candidates from its party elected to office

42
Q

An election trend where in voters elect candidates from the political party they do not normally vote for and persist in this behavior for several elections would be identified as

A

Electoral realignment

43
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of a two-party system over a multiparty system

A

Two-party systems force a variety of interest groups and factions to cooperate to win elections

44
Q

Critics refute the television hypothesis by arguing that

A

People who are already politically uninterested tend to choose television as their information source

45
Q

Americans tend to —- their local government

A

Demand much from

46
Q

A distrust of special interest groups and government institutions combined with a belief that mankind is generally trustworthy describes what type of political reformer?

A

Populist

47
Q

A bill was passed by the legislature permitting gay marriage in a state. If citizens are asked to vote to approve or disapprove this measure, it is known as a

A

Referendum

48
Q

With respect to initiative and referendum mechanisms, the text concludes that

A

Citizens can exercise significant influence over public policy through them.

49
Q

The decline in voter participation since 1960 can be attributed in large part to

A

The belief that government is not responsive, so voting does little good

50
Q

How does education effect voter turnout

A

Well educated people are more likely to vote than are their less educated counterparts

51
Q

Comparisons of the United States with other democracies indicate that strong links between social groups (such as labor unions) and political parties

A

Increase voter turnout

52
Q

The original method of choosing candidates by caucus is most consistent with the

A

Elitist view

53
Q

The presidency supports the two party system because

A

The presidency is a big enough political prize that uncomfortable coalitions will be preserves just to win the electoral vote

54
Q

In 2000, the Republican Partys platform differed from that of the Democrats in

A

That it focused more on morals and morality

55
Q

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A

The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality

56
Q

Compared with national television news programs, local tv news programs report

A

Less about government and politics

57
Q

The authors suggest that television nightly news is no longer a public service, but instead a

A

Profit center

58
Q

Critics refute the television hypothesis by arguing that

A

People who are already politically uninterested tend to choose tv as their information source

59
Q

If political parties suddenly disappeared, candidates would likely seek recognition on the basis of all the following except

A

Issue positions

60
Q

The Era of Good Feeling was characterized by

A

A lack of party competition

61
Q

The current partisan makeup of the electorate is best described as a

A

Almost equal balance among democrats, republicans, and independents

62
Q

Which of the following best describes congressional campaign committees

A

They supplement the funds raised by individual congressional candidates

63
Q

During the 1970’s and 1980’s the Republican Part undertook

A

Extensive organizational reforms to make it more effective in raising money and providing better support to its candidates

64
Q

The election of 1824 was the first to feature

A

Selection of presidential electors by popular vote in most states

65
Q

If the U.S. system of single-member districts with plurality voting were replaced with a system of proportional representation, one possible consequence would be

A

A movement toward a multiparty system

66
Q

A local party organization that differs dramatically from the national party organization in positions on issues and attempt to ignore national party efforts at controlling the local organization would probably be unsuccessful because of

A

The money collected and distributed by national committees

67
Q

Since the 1970’s, party loyalty in congress appears to have

A

Risen

68
Q

Which of the following principles is not part of the responsible party government model?

A

Legislators should be responsive to their constituencies, even if doing so means voting against their party’s program.

69
Q

Which category best applies to the Socialist Party?

A

Party of ideological protest

70
Q

Political machines-centralized party organizations at the local level that dominates politics by controlling local elections declined because

A

Government began to provide the social services that had been the basis of popular loyalty and support for the machines

71
Q

The style and tactics of contemporary presidential campaigns are controlled primarily by

A

A candidates personal campaign organization

72
Q

Compared with political parties in most other democratic countries, political parties in the United States

A

Grant ordinary party voters far more power over the nomination process.

73
Q

What fraction of regular party voters will vote in a primary election?

A

1/2

74
Q

Presidential candidates are officially nominated by

A

Delegates at the party’s national convention

75
Q

A state moves its primary to an earlier date to encourage presidential candidates who would otherwise have skipped that state to campaign there. This is known as

A

Front loading

76
Q

Which of the following is a consequence of the presidential nomination process in the United States

A

Candidates who win the nomination do so mainly on their own and owe little or nothing to the national party organization

77
Q

By national law — of the seats in the House if representatives and —- of the seats in the Senate are filled in a general election held every even numbered year.

A

All ; one third

78
Q

Each state has one vote in the electoral college for

A

Each of its representatives and senators

79
Q

Historically, public opinion polls have shown that Americans ( regarding the electoral college)

A

Oppose the electoral college

80
Q

Strictly speaking, the presidential election is a — election? Not a national election

A

Federal

81
Q

Soft Money

A

Money that is donated to party committees

82
Q

527 committees enjoy tax exempt status of they

A

Are not associated with political parties and take positions on issues that do not support specific candidates

83
Q

Which of the following originates in the United States and remains peculiar to us?

A

Primary elections

84
Q

Running a federal rather than a national election means that

A

The electoral vote system gives weight to state results and not simply to the popular vote

85
Q

Until the 1950’s, political campaigns were conducted primarily

A

Through political party organizations

86
Q

A primary election on which voters must declare their party affiliation before they are given the primary ballot is a ________ priamry

A

Closed

87
Q

The term applied when candidates silently begin lining up their support for the next race soon after one election ends is

A

Invisible primary

88
Q

The primary goal of interest groups is to

A

Influence public opinion

89
Q

Which of the following statements best reflects American attitudes toward interest groups

A

On the whole, Americans feel that interest groups further equality

90
Q

______ Believe that interest groups further democracy by broadening representation within the system.

A

Pluralist

91
Q

From a strategic point of view, PAC’s are primarily interested in donating money to candidates who

A

Are incumbents with with power in the PAC’s area of interest

92
Q

527s differ from PACs in that they

A

Can accept contributions of unlimited size

93
Q

Any increase in lobbying regulations conflicts with

A

The right to petition the government outlines in the Fist Amendment

94
Q

In recent years, organized labors share of the workforce has

A

Declined

95
Q

Americans who are most likely to join interest groups are

A

Wealthy and well educated

96
Q

An important idea of pluralist theory is that

A

New interest groups naturally form when the need arises

97
Q

A strategy that relies on a group representatives personal contact with policymakers is

A

Direct lobbying

98
Q

Which of the following involves an interest groups rank and file membership as well as outreach to ordinary people outside the organization

A

Grassroots lobbying

Political Science (1 decks)

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