Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry definitions > Unit 2 Chemistry definitions > Flashcards

Unit 2 Chemistry definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Empirical formula

A

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Molecular formula

A

Shows the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

molar gas volume

A

The volume of one mole gas under specified conditions of temperature and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ty

A

max amount of mass of a product that could theoretically be obtained in a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actual yield

A

The actual mass of a product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

functional group

A

the part of a structure that determine the characteristics of a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

homologous series

A

series of compounds that have the same general formula and similar chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hydrocarbon

A

contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

saturated hydrocarbon

A

contains no c=c bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

substitution

A

replacing one atom or group with another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

radical

A

particle with unpaired electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

homolytic fission

A

bond breaking in which one of the shared electrons goes to each atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

contains at least one c=c bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sigma bond

A

covalent bond formed by the linear overlap of atomic orbitals which allows rotation along the bond axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bond length

A

distance between the nuclei of 2 covalently bonded atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pi bond

A

covalent bond formed by the sideways over lap of p orbitals which restricts rotation along the bond axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

addition reaction

A

the pi bond of a double covalent bond is broken and 2 species add on across the double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

electrophile

A

ion or molecule that attacks regions of high electron density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heterolytic fission

A

bond breaking in which both electrons in the shared pair go to a single action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

primary carbo cat ion

A

has 1 carbon directly attached to the positively charged carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hydrogenation

A

addition of a hydrogen molecule across a c=c bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Polymerisation

A

joining together of small molecules to form a large molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

monomer

A

small molecules whichjoin together to form a polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

polymer

A

large molecules which formed when monomers join together

25
primary halogenoalkane
a halogenalkane that has one carbon directly bonded to the carbon ayom that is bonded to the halogen
26
nucleophile
ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons that attacks regions of low electron density
27
py
ay/tyx100
28
atom economy
m of desired of products/total mass of products x 100
29
geometric isomers
molecules with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms due to the presence of one or more c=c bond
30
reflux
repeated boiling and condensing of a mixture
31
structural formula
shows the bonding between all the atoms
32
Hydrolysis
Breaking up molecules by reaction with water
33
Nucleophile
An ion or molecule, with a lone pair of electrons, that attacks regions of low electron density.
34
Elimination
A reaction in which a small molecule is removed from a larger molecul
35
primary alcohol
An alcohol which has 1 carbon directly bonded to the carbon atom which is directly bonded to the oh group
36
Ground state (infrared spectroscopy)
A molecular vibration which is in the lowest possible energy | state
37
Wavenumber
The reciprocal of the wavelength and it is measured in cm-1 | .
38
Endothermic
A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of the reactants.
39
Exothermic
A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is less than the enthalpy of the reactants.
40
Standard | conditions
298K and 100kPa
41
Standard | enthalpy change
Change in heat energy at constant pressure, measured at | standard conditions.
42
Standard enthalpy | of combustion
The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is | completely burnt in oxygen under standard conditions.
43
Standard enthalpy | of formation
The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed | from its elements under standard conditions
44
Standard enthalpy | of neutralisation
The enthalpy change when one mole of water is produced in a | neutralisation reaction under standard conditions.
45
Conservation of | energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can change from | one form to another.
46
Hess’s Law
The enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken, provided the initial and final conditions are the same.
47
Average bond | enthalpy
The energy required to break one mole of a given bond | averaged over many compounds.
48
Reaction rate
The change of the concentration (amount) of a reactant or | product with respect to time.
49
Catalyst
A substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction but does not get used up.
50
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to | occur.
51
Reversible
A reaction which goes in both the forward and backward | directions.
52
Dynamic | equilibria
Rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction
53
Equilibrium
A reversible reaction in which the amount of each reactant / | product remains constant.
54
Homogeneous
A reaction in which all the reactants and products are in the same physical state.
55
Heterogeneous | equilibria
A reaction in which all the reactants and products are not in the same physical state
56
Kc
``` KC = [C] c [D] d [A] a [B] b for a reaction in the format aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD ```
57
Heterogeneous | catalyst
The catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants
58
s-block element
An element which has an atom with highest energy/outer | electron in an s-subshell (orbital).
59
Solubility
The maximum mass of solute that will dissolve in 100 g of | solvent at a stated temperature.

Chemistry definitions (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions