Unit 2, Chapter 6 Glencoe Biology

Question 1

What is are atoms made up of?

Answer 1

neutrons, protons and electrons.

Question 2

Where are the protons, neutrons and electrons locate in an atom?

Answer 2

neutrons and protons are in the nucleus (center) of the atom. Electrons move around the nucleus at various energy levels

Question 3

atoms contain an equal number of what?

Answer 3

Protons and Electrons.

Question 4

structure of an atom is the result of…

Answer 4

the attraction between protons and electrons.

Question 5

What is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances, made of only one type of atom called?

Answer 5

element

Question 6

how many naturally occuring elements are identified

Answer 6

92

Question 7

what is the horizontal row and vertical column called on the periodic table

Answer 7

horizontal row: period, vertical column: groups

Question 8

living things are composed of primarily what elements?

Answer 8

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 9

most abundant substance in living things

Answer 9

hydrogen

Question 10

what is an ionic bond

Answer 10

electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms called ions

Question 11

how many electrons make for a full outer layer in an atom

Answer 11

8

Question 12

what is an ion

Answer 12

an atom that has lost or gained electrons

Question 13

when is an atom most stable

Answer 13

when its outermost energy level is empty or completely filled

Question 14

atoms of an element can have different numbers of what?

Answer 14

neutrons

Question 15

what causes radiation

Answer 15

when the nucleus breaks down or breaks apart

Question 16

what is a compound

Answer 16

pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

Question 17

what is an isotope

Answer 17

forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 18

what types of bonds can elements form

Answer 18

covalent and ionic.

Question 19

is Carbon Monoxide(CO) an element and why?

Answer 19

two different elements in the CO formula, an element can’t be broken down into different elements

Question 20

are all compounds molecules, why?

Answer 20

All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.

Question 21

contrast potential energy and kinetic energy

Answer 21

Potential Energy is the stored energy in an object or system because of its position or configuration. Kinetic energy of an object is relative to other moving and stationary objects in its immediate environment.

Question 22

difference between physical change and chemical reaction

Answer 22

chemical reaction atoms are reorganized into different substances. physical change: appearance changes but not composition.

Question 23

what is a reactant and a product?

Answer 23

reactant: starting substances left side of the arrow products are substances formed during the reaction right side of the arrow

Question 24

define conservation of mass

Answer 24

matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

Question 25

how does a chemical equation balance

Answer 25

number of atoms of each element must equal on both sides of the arrow

Question 26

what is activation energy

Answer 26

the minimum amount of energy to start a chemical reaction

Question 27

what is a catalyst

Answer 27

substance that lowers activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 28

what does an enzyme do

Answer 28

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in the cells. Temperature, pH and regulatory molecules can affect their function.

Question 29

identify the parts of this reaction: A+B=AB

Answer 29

A reactant B reactant AB product

Question 30

what is an active site

Answer 30

the specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme.

Question 31

what is a polar molecule, give an example

Answer 31

water: uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in oppositely charged regions

Question 32

solution

Answer 32

homogeneous mixture with a solute is dissolved into a solvent

Question 33

what does a lipid do, does it dissolve in water

Answer 33

made of glycerol and fatty acids, it stores energy. does NOT dissolve in water, which allows it to serve as a barrier in biological membranes.

Question 34

factors that affect the 3-dimensional shape of a protein

Answer 34

the shape of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence.

Question 35

name the four types of biological macromolecules

Answer 35

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Question 36

van der Waals forces

Answer 36

Slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.

Question 37

Explain the relationship between atoms, elements, and compounds

Answer 37

An atom is the smallest form of matter. An element is a pure substance consisting of entirely one type of atom (H - Hydrogen). A compound is formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportion (H2O)

Question 38

3 major roles of proteins

Answer 38

1) they control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes 2) form important cellu.ar structures 3) transport substances into or out of cells or help fight disease

Question 39

Explain the relationship between atoms, elements and compounds.

Answer 39

Atoms join together to form elements, elements join together to form compounds.

Question 40

How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties?

Answer 40

Water is a polar molecule which allows it to form multiple hydrogen bonds.

Question 41

What is the relationship between solutions, solutes and solvents.

Answer 41

The solvent dissolves the solute to create the solution.

Question 42

What are the functions of each of the four groups of macromolecules?

Answer 42

Carbohydrates - main source of energy and for structural purposes. Lipids - used to store energy; important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Nucleic acids - store and transmit hereditary or genetic information. Proteins - control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, form important cellular structures and transport substances into/out of cells or fight disease.

Question 43

Nucleic acid

Answer 43

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

Question 44

The attraction between the hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another water molecule is called a(n)

Answer 44

hydrogen bond

Question 45

The major functions of proteins in cells include

Answer 45

regulating cell processes, transporting substances and controlling reactions

Question 46

If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the same reaction in the other direction

Answer 46

requires energy

Question 47

what type of bonds join amino acids in proteins

Answer 47

peptide

Question 48

what forms nucleic acids?

Answer 48

chains of nucleotides

Question 49

List the uses of radioactive isotopes

Answer 49

radiation therapy for cancer patients and calculating the age of objects.

Question 50

what is an isotope?

Answer 50

atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons