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RS 205: Image Production & Management > Unit 2: Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Unit 2: Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

2ndary exposure factors

A

density and contrast

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2
Q

What is the controlling factor for density?

A

mAs

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3
Q

What is the controlling factor for contrast?

A

kVp

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4
Q

SID

A

Source to Image Distance

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5
Q

The intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source

A

inverse square law

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6
Q

The equation for inverse square law

A

I1 (d2)^2
– = ———
I2 (d1)^2

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7
Q

What effect does increasing the SID have on image density and brightness?

A

Decreases Density and Increases Brightness

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8
Q

Increasing distance (SID) means that you should __________ the mAs to maintain exposure to IR

A

increase

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9
Q

Decreasing distance (SID) means that you should _________ the mAs to maintain exposure to IR

A

decrease

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10
Q

mAs/Distance Compensation Formula

A

mAs1 (SID1)^2
——— = ———–
mAs2 (SID2)^2

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11
Q

As SID increases, maginifcation __________

A

decreases

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12
Q

As SID increases, recorded detail or spatial resolution _________

A

increases

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13
Q

OID

A

Object to Image Distance

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14
Q

When distance is created, the exit radiation continues to diverge, and _____ overall intensity of the beam reaches the IR

A

less

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15
Q

What effect does increased OID have on density?

A

decreases

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16
Q

What effect does increased OID have on brightness?

A

increases

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17
Q

What has the greatest effect on the
amount of size distortion?

A

OID

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18
Q

OID has the greatest effect on the
amount of what?

A

size distortion

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19
Q

As the OID increases, the diverging exit beam records the anatomic part with ____________ size distortion or magnification

A

increased

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20
Q

What indicates how much size distortion or magnification is demonstrated on a radiograph?

A

Magnification factor (MF)

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21
Q

Calculating Magnification factor

A

MF = SID/SOD

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22
Q

Calculating Source to object distance

A

SOD = SID - OID

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23
Q

MF of ___ or lower indicates no magnification

A

1

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24
Q

MF of _________ than 1 expressed as a percentage of magnification

A

greater

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25
How to calculate object size
Image/MF
26
When time magnification increases, recorded detail or spatial resolution ___________
decreases
27
An increase in OID ____________ recorded detail
decreases
28
Shape distortion can occur in 3 ways: misalignment of....
CR/tube part being radiographed IR
29
What is the device placed between the anatomic area of interest and the IR to absorb scatter radiation exiting the patient?
grid
30
What limits the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the IR?
grids
31
When an anatomical structure measures to be more than ______, it requires a grid
10 cm
32
Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor NO GRID: _____
1
33
Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor 5:1 : ______
2
34
Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor 6:1 :_____
3
35
Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor 8:1 :_______
4
36
Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor 12:1 :________
5
37
Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor 16:1 :_______
6
38
As focal spot increases, the unsharpness _______
increases
39
As focal spot increases, the recorded detail or spatial resolution __________
decreases
40
The _________ the focal spot, the better the detail
smaller
41
Focal spot size is a major controller of image resolution because it controls the _________
penumbra
42
Generators with more efficient output, such as three-phase or high-frequency, require _______ exposure technique settings
lower
43
Increasing the amount of tube filtration________the percentage of higher-penetrating x-rays to lower-penetrating x-rays
increases
44
Filtration _________ average photon energy
increases
45
Filtration________ scatter production
increases
46
The use of compensating filters requires an ________ in mAs to maintain the overall exposure to the IR
increase
47
Thicker tissue parts requires the mAs to be __________
increased
48
General guidelines for Part thickness: For every change in part thickness of 4 to 5 cm, Adjust mAs by a factor of ____
2
49
Increase in part thickness, __________ the amount of scatter
increase
50
Increase in part thickness, __________ the amount of contrast
decrease
51
Exposure factors must be modified for patients younger than __ years old (lack bone density)
6
52
For peds patients, it is recommended to _________ the kVp by at least ____% to compensate
decrease, 15
53
With a fiberglass cast, generally _____________ in exposure factors is needed
no change
54
For inflatable (air) and fiberglass splints, there is ____________ in exposure factors needed
no change
55
For wood, aluminium, and solid plastic splints, there is a(n) __________ required in the primary beam
increase
56
What is a diseases or conditions that increase the absorption characteristics of the part, making the part more difficult to penetrate?
additive disease
57
Do you increase or decrease the technique for an additive disease?
increase
58
What is a diseases or conditions that decrease the absorption characteristics of the part, making the part less difficult to penetrate?
destructive disease
59
Within a pathological condition, it is best to make a change in the ______, which affects the penetrating ability of the primary beam.
kVp
60
When the area of interest requires less density to visualize soft tissue, the mAs should be ___________ accordingly
decreased
61
What is used when imaging anatomic tissues that have low subject contrast?
contrast media
62
Contrast media changes the absorption characteristics of the tissues by either ____________ or _________ the attenuation of the beam
increasing, decreasing
63
Examples of positive contrast agents
Barium, Iodine
64
Examples of negative contrast agents
air
65
Which contrast agent produces less radiographic density or more brightness than the adjacent tissues?
positive
66
Positive contrast agents ___________ scatter
increase
67
Positive contrast agents ___________ contrast
decrease
68
Positive contrast agents require an ___________ in exposure factors
increase
69
Which contrast type produces more radiographic density or less brightness than adjacent tissues?
negative
70
Do negative contrast agents require a change in exposure factors?
no
71
Can negative contrast agents be used in conjunction with positive agents?
yes

RS 205: Image Production & Management (2 decks)

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