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RS 205: Image Production & Management > Unit 2: Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Unit 2: Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

2ndary exposure factors

A

density and contrast

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2
Q

What is the controlling factor for density?

A

mAs

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3
Q

What is the controlling factor for contrast?

A

kVp

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4
Q

SID

A

Source to Image Distance

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5
Q

The intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source

A

inverse square law

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6
Q

The equation for inverse square law

A

I1 (d2)^2
– = ———
I2 (d1)^2

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7
Q

What effect does increasing the SID have on image density and brightness?

A

Decreases Density and Increases Brightness

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8
Q

Increasing distance (SID) means that you should __________ the mAs to maintain exposure to IR

A

increase

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9
Q

Decreasing distance (SID) means that you should _________ the mAs to maintain exposure to IR

A

decrease

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10
Q

mAs/Distance Compensation Formula

A

mAs1 (SID1)^2
——— = ———–
mAs2 (SID2)^2

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11
Q

As SID increases, maginifcation __________

A

decreases

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12
Q

As SID increases, recorded detail or spatial resolution _________

A

increases

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13
Q

OID

A

Object to Image Distance

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14
Q

When distance is created, the exit radiation continues to diverge, and _____ overall intensity of the beam reaches the IR

A

less

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15
Q

What effect does increased OID have on density?

A

decreases

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16
Q

What effect does increased OID have on brightness?

A

increases

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17
Q

What has the greatest effect on the
amount of size distortion?

A

OID

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18
Q

OID has the greatest effect on the
amount of what?

A

size distortion

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19
Q

As the OID increases, the diverging exit beam records the anatomic part with ____________ size distortion or magnification

A

increased

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20
Q

What indicates how much size distortion or magnification is demonstrated on a radiograph?

A

Magnification factor (MF)

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21
Q

Calculating Magnification factor

A

MF = SID/SOD

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22
Q

Calculating Source to object distance

A

SOD = SID - OID

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23
Q

MF of ___ or lower indicates no magnification

A

1

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24
Q

MF of _________ than 1 expressed as a percentage of magnification

A

greater

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25
Q

How to calculate object size

A

Image/MF

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26
Q

When time magnification increases, recorded detail or spatial resolution ___________

A

decreases

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27
Q

An increase in OID ____________ recorded detail

A

decreases

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28
Q

Shape distortion can occur in 3 ways: misalignment of….

A

CR/tube
part being radiographed
IR

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29
Q

What is the device placed between the anatomic area of interest and the IR to absorb scatter radiation exiting the patient?

A

grid

30
Q

What limits the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the IR?

A

grids

31
Q

When an anatomical structure measures to be more than ______, it requires a grid

A

10 cm

32
Q

Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor
NO GRID: _____

A

1

33
Q

Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor
5:1 : ______

A

2

34
Q

Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor
6:1 :_____

A

3

35
Q

Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor
8:1 :_______

A

4

36
Q

Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor
12:1 :________

A

5

37
Q

Grid Ratio: Grid conversion factor
16:1 :_______

A

6

38
Q

As focal spot increases, the unsharpness _______

A

increases

39
Q

As focal spot increases, the recorded detail or spatial resolution __________

A

decreases

40
Q

The _________ the focal spot, the better the detail

A

smaller

41
Q

Focal spot size is a major controller of image resolution because it controls the _________

A

penumbra

42
Q

Generators with more efficient output, such as three-phase or high-frequency, require _______ exposure technique settings

A

lower

43
Q

Increasing the amount of tube filtration________the percentage of higher-penetrating x-rays to lower-penetrating x-rays

A

increases

44
Q

Filtration _________ average photon energy

A

increases

45
Q

Filtration________ scatter production

A

increases

46
Q

The use of compensating filters requires an ________ in mAs to maintain the overall exposure to the IR

A

increase

47
Q

Thicker tissue parts requires the mAs to be __________

A

increased

48
Q

General guidelines for Part thickness: For every change in part thickness of 4 to 5 cm, Adjust mAs by a factor of ____

A

2

49
Q

Increase in part thickness, __________ the amount of scatter

A

increase

50
Q

Increase in part thickness, __________ the amount of contrast

A

decrease

51
Q

Exposure factors must be modified for patients younger than __ years old (lack bone density)

A

6

52
Q

For peds patients, it is recommended to _________ the kVp by at least ____% to compensate

A

decrease, 15

53
Q

With a fiberglass cast, generally _____________ in exposure factors is needed

A

no change

54
Q

For inflatable (air) and fiberglass splints, there is ____________ in exposure factors needed

A

no change

55
Q

For wood, aluminium, and solid plastic splints, there is a(n) __________ required in the primary beam

A

increase

56
Q

What is a diseases or conditions that increase the absorption characteristics of the part, making the part more difficult to penetrate?

A

additive disease

57
Q

Do you increase or decrease the technique for an additive disease?

A

increase

58
Q

What is a diseases or conditions that decrease the absorption characteristics of the part, making the part less difficult to penetrate?

A

destructive disease

59
Q

Within a pathological condition, it is best to make a change in the ______, which affects the penetrating ability of the primary beam.

A

kVp

60
Q

When the area of interest requires less density to visualize soft tissue, the mAs should be ___________ accordingly

A

decreased

61
Q

What is used when imaging anatomic tissues that have low subject contrast?

A

contrast media

62
Q

Contrast media changes the absorption characteristics of the tissues by either ____________ or _________ the attenuation of the beam

A

increasing, decreasing

63
Q

Examples of positive contrast agents

A

Barium, Iodine

64
Q

Examples of negative contrast agents

A

air

65
Q

Which contrast agent produces less radiographic density or more brightness than the adjacent tissues?

A

positive

66
Q

Positive contrast agents ___________ scatter

A

increase

67
Q

Positive contrast agents ___________ contrast

A

decrease

68
Q

Positive contrast agents require an ___________ in exposure factors

A

increase

69
Q

Which contrast type produces more radiographic density or less brightness than adjacent tissues?

A

negative

70
Q

Do negative contrast agents require a change in exposure factors?

A

no

71
Q

Can negative contrast agents be used in conjunction with positive agents?

A

yes

RS 205: Image Production & Management (2 decks)

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