Unit 2 Chapt. 2 Terms

Question 1

Indian War 1622

Answer 1

An attack on the migrants in Virginia led by Opechancanhough because he was fed up with the new settlers taking all of the Natives’ land.

Question 2

Toleration Act of 1649

Answer 2

A Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime; the first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America

Question 3

John Winthrop

Answer 3

Puritan leader who became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of “ City upon a hill”

Question 4

Congregational Church

Answer 4

Self-governing Puritan congregations without the hierarchical establishment of the Anglican Church.

Question 5

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 5

a brief yet meaningful uprising of western farmers against the government of Virginia culminating in the burning of Jamestown on September 19, 1676

Question 6

royal colony

Answer 6

A colony under the direct control of a monarch

Question 7

headright system

Answer 7

Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.

Question 8

Middle Passage

Answer 8

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Question 9

John Calvin

Answer 9

1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.

Question 10

John Rolfe

Answer 10

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Question 11

Captain John Smith

Answer 11

Organized Jamestown and imposed a harsh law “He who will not work shall not eat”.

Question 12

House of Burgesses

Answer 12

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.

Question 13

Lord Baltimore

Answer 13

1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

Question 14

indentured servitude

Answer 14

labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities. Often used in the late 19th and early 20th century as a replacement of slave labor, but with fairly similar exploitative working conditions. Laborers were often transported thousands of miles and could not easily afford to return home.

Question 15

Great Migration

Answer 15

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Question 16

Puritans

Answer 16

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Question 17

Pilgrims

Answer 17

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.

Question 18

Mayflower Compact

Answer 18

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Question 19

William Bradford

Answer 19

A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

Question 20

Roger Williams

Answer 20

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

Question 21

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 21

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

Question 22

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Answer 22

Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America.

Question 23

Iroquois Confederation

Answer 23

A political union of five independent American Indian tribes in the Mohawk Valley of New York. Traded with other tribes for goods and weapons.

Question 24

Metacom/King Philip

Answer 24

Wampanoag chief who led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlements in New England between 1675 and 1676. Though he himself was eventually captured and killed, his wife and son sold into slavery, his assault halted New England’s westward expansion for several decades.

Question 25

Pequot War

Answer 25

1637 The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.

Question 26

Sir William Berkeley

Answer 26

the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the ‘backcountry.’ His shortcomings led to Bacon’s Rebellion