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Biology > Unit 2: Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 2: Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A

The process in which energy from glucose is changed by the cell into energy that is usable for the organism.

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2
Q

What are the two reactants of cellular respiration and where do they each come from?

A

glucose- comes from food
oxygen- comes from the air

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3
Q

What are the three products of cellular respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP Energy

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4
Q

How is energy released from ATP?

A

Energy is released from ATP when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates is broken. This creates ADP.

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5
Q

How is ATP energy created?

A

ATP Energy is created when a bond is created between the 2nd phosphate of ADPand a 3rd phosphate

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6
Q

What are aerobic cellular respiration processes?

A

Respiration processes that require oxygen, includes the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain

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7
Q

What are anaerobic cellular respiration processes?

A

Respiration processes that don’t require oxygen, includes glycolysis, alcoholic fermentation, and lactic acid fermentation.

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8
Q

What is the universal step of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis

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9
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

An anaerobic process in cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. It is the first step used by cells to extract glucose in the form of ATP which can be directly used by cells.

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10
Q

What is the starting molecule for glycolysis and how many carbons is it made up of?

A

Glucose, which is made of 6 carbons.

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11
Q

How much ATP is made during glycolysis?

A

2 ATP are made during glycolysis.

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12
Q

What is the ending product of glycolysis? How many carbons is it made of?

A

2 pyruvic acids are the end product of glycolysis. Each is made of 3 carbons.

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13
Q

What hydrogen (electron)-carrying molecule is produced during glycolysis?

A

NADH

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14
Q

What is the Krebs Cycle?

A

Also known as the citric acid cycle. It occurs after glycolysis during aerobic processes. It occurs in the mitochondria of cells. The pyruvate formed in glycolysis breaks down and carbon dioxide is released.

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15
Q

What is made and released in the Krebs Cycle?

A

CO2

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16
Q

How much ATP is made in the Krebs Cycle?

A

2 ATP are made in the Krebs Cycle per two pyruvates.

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17
Q

What hydrogen (electron) carrying molecules are formed during the Krebs Cycle and how many of each are made?

A

4 FADH and 10 NADPH are formed per each 2 pyruvates.

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18
Q

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

A

The Electron Transport Chain is the last step of aerobic cellular respiration which occurs in the mitochondria. This process creates a large amount of ATP.

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19
Q

What is made in the electron transport chain and released as a byproduct?

A

Water is made in the electron transport chain and released as a byproduct.

20
Q

What high-energy molecules are formed by the electron transport chain?

A

The high-energy molecules that are formed by the electron transport chain are ATP

21
Q

How much ATP is made in the electron transport chain?

A

Roughly 34 ATP are made in the electron transport chain.

22
Q

What atom accepts the hydrogen ion at the end of the electron transport chain?

A

The atom that accepts the hydrogen ion at the end of the electron transport chain is oxygen.

23
Q

Is the electron transport chain aerobic or anaerobic?

A

The electron transport chain is aerobic.

24
Q

What molecules are made in glycolysis and released?

A

2 Pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

25
Q

What molecules are made in the Krebs Cycle and released?

A

CO2, NADH, ATP, FADH2

26
Q

What is made in the ETC and released?

A

ATP, H2O, FADH, NAD+ and hydrogen is released

27
Q

At the end of the aerobic cellular respiration process, how many ATP molecules total are produced?

A

At the end of this aerobic cellular respiration process, 38 ATP molecules total are produced.

28
Q

What is anaerobic cellular respiration?

A

Anaerobic cellular respiration processes occur without oxygen. This occurs when the body doesn’t get enough oxygen in quick enough or in the organism that don’t use oxygen.

29
Q

What are the 2 main types of anaerobic cellular respiration?

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcoholic Fermentation

30
Q

What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?

A

When there is not enough oxygen in the cells during maximum effort activity, anaerobic respiration provides ATP for working muscles.

31
Q

What does Lactic Acid fermentation produce?

A

In mammals (including humans), it produces 2 lactic acid molecules.

32
Q

What does Lactic Acid do?

A

Lactic acid provides fuel for the working muscle and produces a low amount of ATP.

33
Q

Which part of lactic acid fermentation is the same as aerobic cellular respiration?

A

The glycolysis process is the same as aerobic cellular respiration.

34
Q

What two molecules are being produced during lactic acid fermentation?

A

2 NAD+ and 2 Lactic Acid

35
Q

What is Alcoholic Fermentation?

A

Alcoholic Fermentation happens in yeasts during brewing (like alcohol) and occurs in containers that prevent oxygen from entering. Yeasts are fungi that use anaerobic respiration when there is too much sugar.

36
Q

What does Alcoholic Fermentation produce?

A

Alcoholic Fermentation produces ethanol and CO2 and a low amount of ATP

37
Q

Which part of alcoholic fermentation is the SAME as aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis is the first part of the process, it produces CO2 and it uses pyruvic acid.

38
Q

What two molecules are being produced during alcholic fermentation?

A

2 Ethyl Alcohol and 2 CO2

39
Q

What is the starting reactant (molecule) for ALL TYPES of cellular respiration?

A

glucose

40
Q

Which type of respiration occurs when there is oxygen available?

A

Aerobic

41
Q

Which type of respiration occurs when there is no oxygen available?

A

Anaerobic

42
Q

Which type of fermentation occurs during maximum exercise?

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

43
Q

Which type of fermentation is used by yeasts in baking bread and alcohol?

A

Alcoholic Fermentation

44
Q

Which type of cellular respiration makes the MOST amount of ATP?

A

The type of cellular respiration that makes the most amount of ATP is aerobic respiration.

45
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

An organelle where the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain occur.

Biology (2 decks)

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