Unit 2 - Cells

Question 0

All other forms of life - have a membrane bound nucleus

Answer 0

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 1

Bacteria/ archea

Answer 1

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 2

Phospholipids from a two-layer sheet in the membrane

Answer 2

Phospholipid Bilayer

Question 3

Face outward and are exposed to water

Answer 3

Hydrophilic heads

Question 4

Face inward and are shielded from water

Answer 4

Hydrophobic Head

Question 5

Proteins embedded in the phospholipids and can drift about in the phospholipids

Answer 5

Fluid Mosaic (Membranes)

Question 6

Attach the extracellular matrix on the outside of the cell as well as span the membrane to attach to the cytoskeleton

Answer 6

Integrins

Question 7

Cross membrane easily (I.e. CO2 and O2)

Answer 7

Nonpolar molecules

Question 8

Do not cross membrane easily (i.e. Glucose and other sugars)

Answer 8

Polar molecules

Question 9

A process in which particles spread out evenly in available space

Move from high to low concentrations, eventually particles reach equilibrium

Answer 9

Diffusion

Question 10

Diffusion across a cell membrane and does not require energy

Answer 10

Passive Transport

Question 11

Water moves across a membrane in response to a solute concentration inside and outside of the cell by a process called

Answer 11

Osmosis

Question 12

Osmosis will move across a membrane down its [blank] until the concentration of solute is equal on both sides of the membrane

Answer 12

Concentration Gradient

Question 13

Describes the ability of a solution to cause the cell to gain or lose water

Answer 13

Tonicity

Question 14

Concentration of solute is same on both sides, equilibrium

Answer 14

Isotonic

Question 15

Concentration of Solute is higher outside of the cell

Answer 15

Hypertonic

Question 16

Concentration of solute is higher inside the cell

Answer 16

Hypotonic

Question 17

The ability of organisms to maintain water balance within their cells by a process called

Answer 17

Osmoregulation

Question 18

Specific transport proteins that transport necessary substances across the membrane

Answer 18

Aquaporins

Question 19

Used to export bulky molecules such as proteins or polysaccharides (out of the cell)

Answer 19

Exocytosis

Question 20

Used to import substances useful for the livelihood of the cell (in the cell)

Answer 20

Endocytosis

Question 21

Engulfment of a particle by wrapping the cell membrane around it, forming a vacuole (cell eating)

Answer 21

Phagocytosis

Question 22

Fluids are taken into small vesicles (cell drinking)

Answer 22

Pinocytosis

Question 23

Receptors in a receptor-coated pit interact with a specific protein; will not close until receptors are full

Answer 23

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Question 24

Potential Energy bc of energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Answer 24

Chemical Energy

Question 25

A chemical reaction that releases energy - comes from breaking bonds

Answer 25

Exergonic Reaction

Question 26

The measure of the disorder/randomness of energy

Answer 26

Entropy

Question 27

Requires an input of energy and yields products rich in potential energy

Answer 27

Endergonic Reaction

Question 28

All your Exergonic and endergonic reactions combined within you

Answer 28

Metabolism

Question 29

A series of chemical reactions that either break down a complex molecule or build up a complex molecule

Answer 29

Metabolic Pathway

Question 30

Three types of cellular work

Answer 30

Chemical work
Transport work
Mechanical work

Question 31

Driving endergonic reactions

Answer 31

Chemical work

Question 32

Pumping substances across membranes

Answer 32

Transport work

Question 33

Beating of a cilia

Answer 33

Mechanical Work

Question 34

To accomplish work, a cell must manage energy sources. It does so by

Answer 34

Energy Coupling

Question 35

The immediate source of energy that powers most forms of cellular work - energy currency of cells

Answer 35

ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 36

When energy is released in an Exergonic reaction, such as the breakdown of glucose, the energy is used in an endergonic rxn to generate ..

Answer 36

ATP

Question 37

When the plasma membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell - based on the structure of the membrane w/it’s component molecules

Answer 37

Selective Permeability