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Biotechnology > Unit 2: Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Unit 2: Cell Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

In which cell types is the cell membrane found?

A

animal
plant
prokaryote

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2
Q

In which cell types is the cell wall found?

A

plant
prokaryote

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3
Q

In which cell types is the centriole found?

A

animal

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4
Q

In which cell types are the choroplasts found?

A

plant

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5
Q

In which cell types is the cytoplasm found?

A

animal
plant
prokaryote

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6
Q

In which cell types is the golgi apparatus found?

A

animal
plant

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7
Q

In which cell types are the lysosomes found?

A

animal

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8
Q

In which cell types is the mitochondria found?

A

animal
plant

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9
Q

In which cell types is the nucleolus found?

A

animal
plant

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10
Q

In which cell types is the nucleus found?

A

animal
plant

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11
Q

In which cell types is the ribosome found?

A

animal
plant
prokaryote

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12
Q

In which cell types is the endoplasmic reticulum found?

A

animal
plant

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13
Q

In which cell types are the vacuole / vesicle found?

A

animal
plant

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14
Q

In which cell types are the flagella / cilia found?

A

animal
plant
prokaryote

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15
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the nucleus called?

A

nuclear envelope

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16
Q

How do materials enter and exit the nucleus?

A

nuclear pores

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17
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

contains DNA which controls cell activities by determining which proteins to assemble

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18
Q

Where is the nucleolus found? What is its purpose?

A

inside the nucleus
combines proteins and RNA to create ribosomes

19
Q

What is the plasma cell membrane made up of?

A

phospholipid bilayer
proteins
carbohydrates

20
Q

What is the purpose of the plasma cell membrane?

A

selectively permeable protection
keeps parts of cell together

21
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

joins amino acids to create proteins

22
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

either floating free in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

describe the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesizes lipids and breaks down toxins
no ribosomes

24
Q

describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

modifies and transports proteins created by ribosomes
ribosomes are attatched to surface

25
Q

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus compared to the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

ER is a system of interconnected membranes
golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened membranes

26
Q

What is the purpose of the golgi apparatus?

A

modifies, sorts, and packages materials from ER for storage or transportation out of cell

27
Q

What is the purpose of lysosomes?

A

break down materials such as macromolecules and damaged organelles through digestive enzymes

28
Q

What are vacuoles and what is their purpose?

A

membrane enclosed sacs
used for storage

29
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

small membrane enclosed sac used for storage in animal cells

30
Q

What is a contractile vesicle? In what cell types is it found?

A

collects and pumps out excess water
found in some unicellular organisms

31
Q

What is the central vacuole? In what cell types is it found?

A

large vacuole that provides support and stores materials (such as water, nutrients, enzymes) in a cell
in plant cells

32
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

cellular respiration - takes energy from molecules like glucose and stores it in ATP

33
Q

Describe the membrane of a mitochondria

A

double membrane
smooth outer membrane
cristae - folded inner membrane

34
Q

What is a cristae?

A

folded inner membrane inside mitochondria

35
Q

True or false: a chloroplast has a double membrane

A

true

36
Q

What is a thylakoid?

A

flattened disc-like structure inside a chloroplast
contains chlorophyll and DNA
site of photosynthesis

37
Q

What is chlorophyll? Where is it found?

A

light absorbing pigment important for photosynthesis
found in thylakoids in chloroplast

38
Q

True or false: in both plant and animal cells, the nucleus is the only place where DNA is found

A

false!!
in plant cells there is DNA in chloroplasts found in their thylakoids

39
Q

What are the two things contained in cytoplasm?

A

cytosol
organelles

40
Q

What is cytosol?

A

fluid in cytoplasm made up of water and dissolved chemicals

41
Q

What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?

A

provides structure and support to cells
allows for movement

42
Q

Describe the structure of the cytoskeleton

A

made up of proteins
microtubules, microfilaments

43
Q

What is a centriole? In what cell types is it found?

A

in cytoskeleton
microtubules that aid in cell division
not in plant cells

44
Q

Describe the purpose of the cell wall. Where is it located? What is it mostly made of?

A

protects and supports cells
outside cell membrane
composed of mainly cellulose

Biotechnology (3 decks)

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