Unit 2 Body Systems Flashcards
What is the major function of the nervous system?
Response to environment and control of body activities
What is the major function of the circulatory system?
Transportation of nutrients dissolved gases and waste to and from body cells
What’s the major function of the excretory system
Removal of waste
What’s the main function of the digestive system?
Breakdown of food Into molecules small enough to pass into cells
What’s the main function of the endocrine system?
Coordination and regulation of body activities
Define: Cells
The basis of all living things
Define: Tissue
A group of cells that are similar in shape and function
Define: Organ
A structure composed of one or more different types of tissues, specialized to carry out a specific function
Define: organ system
A group of organs that have related functions
What are the four main tissues
Muscle tissue
Nerve tissue
Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
What does the muscle tissue do?
Assists in body movement
What does nerve tissue do
Transfers signals to and from the brain
What does connective tissue do?
Holds together and supports other tissue
What does epithelial tissue do?
Covers the surface of organs and body
What advantage does smaller cells together have over a large cell
The nucleus can signal smaller cells to do something and because it covers more surface area volume
What does the respiratory system do and How does it work?
It moves oxygen into your body and carbon dioxide out of your body. When you inhale air is filtered by tiny hairs called cilia. Air passes through your larynx and continues down your trachea towards your lungs at the base of the trachea are to two tubes called bronchi which branches into smaller air tubes called brochioles
What is the alveoli and how does it work in the respiratory system
There are millions of alveoli at the ends of the bronchioles where gas exchange takes place O2 and CO2 move back and forth between the alveoli and the surrounding blood vessels
What’s does the circulatory system consist of?
The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Left atrium Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle Between each of these is a valve
What does the left atrium do
Blood arrives from lungs
What does the right atrium do
Blood arrives from body
What does the left ventricle do
Pumps blood to your body
What does the right ventricle do
Pumps blood to your lungs
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
What does the arteries do
Carries oxygenated blood away from heat
What does the capillaries do?
They are tiny blood vessels that transfer oxygen and nutrients inti the body cells and collecting waste from the cells
What do the veins do?
Blood containing waste products returning to the heat
Red blood cells:
Carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells
White blood cells
Fights infection
Platelets
Clots blood
Which structure connects arteries and veins?
Capillaries
Which vessels transport blood away from the heart and have thick muscular walls
Arteries
Which vessels transports blood towards the heart and has valves
Veins
What are the four stages of of digestion
Ingesting
Digesting
Absorbing
Eliminating
Ingestion
Means to bring food to the body (starting point of the digestive process
How does mechanical digestion work?
Mechanical digestion occurs when your teeth and tongue break down food into small enough pieces to swallow (each small piece of food is called bolus)
What is chemical digestion?
Occurs when saliva begins to break down the bolus. An enzyme in your saliva breaks down simple and complex carbohydrates
How does the esophagus work in digestion
When you swallow, your food enters the esophagus which is a long muscular tube that carries food to your stomach. The bolus is pushed through the esophagus in a process called peristalsis
What is breathing?
Inhaling and exhaling to take in oxygen and remove waste (natural body function)
What is respiration
The lungs take in air where it goes down to the alveoli to separate O2 and CO2
What is the order of blood flow?
- From the body
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- To lungs
- From lungs
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- To the body
Salivary glands
Produce saliva that moistens food
Esophagus
Passage for food from mouth to stomach
Epiglottis
Flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea
Stomach
Gastric juice to break down food
Liver
Produces bile to break down fat
Pancreas
Adds enzymes that help break down the carbohydrates, protein, fats in the chyme
Gall bladder
Stored bile
Small intestine
Absorbs nutrients
Large intestine
Absorbs water and some minerals
Rectum
Stores feces
Anus
Where the feces are eliminated
