Unit 2 Biology Flashcards
What are stimuli detected by?
receptors, which are molecules that monitor the internal and external environments.
What do internal receptors monitor?
changes to pH, temperature, pressure, and gas concentration.
Where are internal receptors located?
located throughout the cells, tissues and organs of the body.
What is a negative feedback loop?
When the response is slowed or stopped.
What is a positive feedback loop?
When the response is maintained or amplified.
What is the role of afferent (sensory) neurons?
They send information through electrical impulses towards the central nervous system (CNS). Detect stimuli.
What is the role of efferent (motor) neurons?
Send information through electrical impulses away from the central nervous system.
What is the role of Interneurons?
connect afferent and efferent neurons to each other, allowing a stimulus to trigger a response.
Where are receptors that monitor the external environment located?
located throughout the skin and organs on the outside of the body, such as the eyes and the ears.
What do receptors interpret?
information about the organism’s surroundings by detecting changes to temperature, pressure, light, smell and taste.
Explain what the Nervous system is.
a coordinating system that detects stimuli and initiates an appropriate response.
List some examples of sensory organs.
Eyes, ears, nose, mouth and skin
What are sensory receptors?
sensory neurons that are specialised to detect particular types of information to send to the CNS.
List 5 different types of sensory receptors.
chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors and nociceptors.
What are Chemoreceptors?
sensors that detect chemical changes in the body, like oxygen or carbon dioxide levels.
What are some examples of stimuli that chemoreceptors detect?
chemical stimuli from outside the body, smell and taste, or from within the body, gas (carbon dioxide and oxygen) concentration in the blood.
What are thermoreceptors?
sensory receptors that detect temperature changes, either in the external environment or within the body.
What are Mechanoreceptors?
sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli, such as pressure, vibration, sound, and stretch.
What are Photoreceptors?
specialized sensory receptors that detect light stimuli. Convert light energy into electrical signals, which are processed by the brain to form visual images.
What are Nociceptors?
sensory receptors that detect harmful stimuli, such as pain or damage. They are responsible for sensing harmful stimuli and triggering pain signals to alert the body to injury or potential injury.
