Unit 2 - Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptation

A

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

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2
Q

Biodiversity

A

The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area. It includes the concepts of species diversity, habitat diversity and genetic diversity

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3
Q

cultural services

A

the spiritual and recreational benefits that ecosystems provide

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4
Q

Disruption

A

the destruction or substantial change in the functioning of natural ecosystems

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5
Q

disturbance

A

A discrete event that disrupts an ecosystem or community.

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6
Q

ecosystem services

A

Important benefits to humans, such as clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and fertile soil in which to grow crops, that ecosystems provide

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7
Q

Evolution

A

Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

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8
Q

Generalist

A

a species with a broad niche that can tolerate a wide range of conditions and can use a variety of resources

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9
Q

genetic diversity

A

a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

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10
Q

indicator species

A

Species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded

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11
Q

island biogeography

A

The study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands or other isolated areas based on size, shape, and distance from other inhabited regions
larger or closer to main land mean more biodiversity and resources

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12
Q

keystone species

A

A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

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13
Q

Migration

A

Form of relocation involving permanent move to a new location

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14
Q

natural selection

A

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

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15
Q

pioneer species

A

First species to populate an area during primary succession

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16
Q

primary succession

A

An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed. (Soil is destroyed)

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17
Q

provisioning services

A

supply us with tangible resources, such as food, water, raw materials, etc

18
Q

regulating services

A

the service provided by natural systems that helps regulate environmental conditions

19
Q

resilience

A

the rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance

20
Q

secondary succession

A

Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

21
Q

Resistance

A

property of communities or populations to remain “essentially unchanged” when subject to disturbance

22
Q

specialist

A

A consumer that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small number of organisms

23
Q

species diversity

A

The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community

24
Q

Evenness

A

the relative abundances of the different species

25
Richness
Quality describing number of species
26
supporting services
Benefits of biodiversity that allow ecosystems to exist, such as primary production, soil formation, and nutrient cycling- and ultimately benefit humans
27
Tolerance
An organism's capacity to survive variation in environmental conditions
28
Zone of optimum
the higest point. Organism Survive, grow reproduce
29
Zone of physiological stress
survive, but experience decreases
30
Zone of intolerance
Organism will die from thermal shook
31
**Anthropogenic**
caused by humans
32
limiting factor
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms
33
Threats to Biodiversity (1) Habitat loss and fragmentation
the primary threat to biodiversity worldwide • Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk •Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk
34
Threats to Biodiversity (1) Habitat loss and fragmentation
the primary threat to biodiversity worldwide • Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk •Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk
35
Threats to Biodiversity (1) Habitat loss and fragmentation
the primary threat to biodiversity worldwide • Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk •Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk
36
carrying capacity (K)
the maximum population size of a species that can be sustained, given the food, habitat, water, sunlight, and other necessities available in the environment.
37
r-selected
species prioritizing rapid population growth by producing many offspring with little parental care,
38
R
- plants - many small offspring - little or no parental care - Early successional species - Population size fluctuates wildly above and below carrying capacity (K
39
"K-selected"
species focus on producing fewer, well-cared for offspring to maximize survival near the carrying capacity of their environment
40
K
- mammals - Fewer, larger offspring - High parental care - Lower population growth rate (r) - Late successional species