Unit 2 - Biodiversity

Question 1

Adaptation

Answer 1

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Question 2

Biodiversity

Answer 2

The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area. It includes the concepts of species diversity, habitat diversity and genetic diversity

Question 3

cultural services

Answer 3

the spiritual and recreational benefits that ecosystems provide

Question 4

Disruption

Answer 4

the destruction or substantial change in the functioning of natural ecosystems

Question 5

disturbance

Answer 5

A discrete event that disrupts an ecosystem or community.

Question 6

ecosystem services

Answer 6

Important benefits to humans, such as clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and fertile soil in which to grow crops, that ecosystems provide

Question 7

Evolution

Answer 7

Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

Question 8

Generalist

Answer 8

a species with a broad niche that can tolerate a wide range of conditions and can use a variety of resources

Question 9

genetic diversity

Answer 9

a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

Question 10

indicator species

Answer 10

Species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded

Question 11

island biogeography

Answer 11

The study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands or other isolated areas based on size, shape, and distance from other inhabited regions
larger or closer to main land mean more biodiversity and resources

Question 12

keystone species

Answer 12

A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

Question 13

Migration

Answer 13

Form of relocation involving permanent move to a new location

Question 14

natural selection

Answer 14

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

Question 15

pioneer species

Answer 15

First species to populate an area during primary succession

Question 16

primary succession

Answer 16

An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed. (Soil is destroyed)

Question 17

provisioning services

Answer 17

supply us with tangible resources, such as food, water, raw materials, etc

Question 18

regulating services

Answer 18

the service provided by natural systems that helps regulate environmental conditions

Question 19

resilience

Answer 19

the rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance

Question 20

secondary succession

Answer 20

Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

Question 21

Resistance

Answer 21

property of communities or populations to remain “essentially unchanged” when subject to disturbance

Question 22

specialist

Answer 22

A consumer that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small number of organisms

Question 23

species diversity

Answer 23

The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community

Question 24

Evenness

Answer 24

the relative abundances of the different species

Question 25

Richness

Answer 25

Quality describing number of species

Question 26

supporting services

Answer 26

Benefits of biodiversity that allow ecosystems to exist, such as primary production, soil formation, and nutrient cycling- and ultimately benefit humans

Question 27

Tolerance

Answer 27

An organism’s capacity to survive variation in environmental conditions

Question 28

Zone of optimum

Answer 28

the higest point.
Organism Survive, grow reproduce

Question 29

Zone of physiological stress

Answer 29

survive, but experience decreases

Question 30

Zone of intolerance

Answer 30

Organism will die from thermal shook

Question 31

Anthropogenic

Answer 31

caused by humans

Question 32

limiting factor

Answer 32

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms

Question 33

Threats to Biodiversity (1)
Habitat loss and fragmentation

Answer 33

the primary threat to biodiversity worldwide
• Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion
Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk
•Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion
Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk

Question 34

Threats to Biodiversity (1)
Habitat loss and fragmentation

Answer 34

the primary threat to biodiversity worldwide
• Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion
Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk
•Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion
Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk

Question 35

Threats to Biodiversity (1)
Habitat loss and fragmentation

Answer 35

the primary threat to biodiversity worldwide
• Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion
Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk
•Caused by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion
Reduces the total area of available habitat and isolates populations, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased extinction risk

Question 36

carrying capacity (K)

Answer 36

the maximum population size of a species that can be sustained, given the food, habitat, water, sunlight, and other necessities available in the environment.

Question 37

r-selected

Answer 37

species prioritizing rapid population growth by producing many offspring with little parental care,

Question 38

R

Answer 38

• plants
• many small offspring
• little or no parental care
• Early successional species
• Population size fluctuates wildly above and below
  carrying capacity (K

Question 39

“K-selected”

Answer 39

species focus on producing fewer, well-cared for offspring to maximize survival near the carrying capacity of their environment

Question 40

K

Answer 40

• mammals
• Fewer, larger offspring
• High parental care
• Lower population growth rate (r)
• Late successional species