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Biology Honors > Unit 2 - BIO CHEM - Characteristics of BioMolecules > Flashcards

Unit 2 - BIO CHEM - Characteristics of BioMolecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

def. Organic Compound

A

CARBON based molecules

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2
Q

def Hydrocarbons

A

compounds composed of ONLY carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

def. Carbon Skeleton

A

chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule

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4
Q

def Isomers

A

compounds w/ the same format but varying structural arraignments.

+ unique properties +diversity of organic molecules

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5
Q

def. HYDROPHILIC

A

water loving
POLAR
WATER BASED LIFE

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6
Q

Name the 6 Functional Groups

A

HYDROXYL GRP
CARBONYL GRP
CARBOXYL GRP
AMINO GRP
PHOSPHATE GRP
METHYL GRP

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7
Q

Properties/structure of Hydroxyl Grp.

A

-OH
ACOHOLS

H-CH2-CH2-OH

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8
Q

Propertites/Structure of CARBONYLGrp.

A

carbon linked via double bond to oxygen.

bonded to two other components c= o

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9
Q

ALDEHYDE (Carbonyl grp)

A

end of carbon skeleton

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10
Q

KETONE (carbonyl grp)

A

within the carbon chain

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11
Q

Properties/structure of Carboxyl grp

A

-COOH

Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also a hydroxyl grp.

  • acts as an ACID => IONIZED
  • Compounds w/ carboxyl grp = carboxylic ACIDS

! to protiens

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12
Q

Properties/structures of Amino Grp.

A

-NH2

nitrogen bonded to 2 hydrogens & the carbon skeleton.

! to proteins

  • Acts as a BASE

Organic compound w/ amino grps = AMINES

Building blocks of proteins = amino acids (amino+carboxyl)

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13
Q

Properties/structures of PHOSPHATE grp.

A

-OPO3 2-

phosopurous atom bonded to 4 O atoms

compounds w/ phospate grps are called organic phospates

ex. energy rich ATP

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14
Q

Properties/structures of Methyl grp

A

-CH3

consisits fo a carbon bonded to 3 hydrogens.

methylated compounds

NON POLAR GROUP!!!!!!!!!!!!

Important to DNA

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15
Q

Building Polymers

A

Dehydration RXN

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16
Q

Breaking Polymers

A

Hydrolysis RXN

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17
Q

def. macromolecules

A

joining smaller chains of polymers

18
Q

def. Enzymes

A

chemical “workers” that do the hydrolysis and dehydration rxns in cells

specialized macromolecules that act as a CATYLIST in cells (usually related to proteins)

19
Q

def. Monosaccharides

A

carbohydrate monomers

SINGLE UNIT SUGAR
ex. glucose, fructose

20
Q

How to identify a molecule as a sugar

A

Hydroxyl (-oh) group and a carbonyl (- - c=o) group

21
Q

def. Disacharide

A

2 monosaccharides via dehydration rxn

ex. sucrose (glucose +fructose)

22
Q

def. Polysaccharides

A

MACROMOLECULES
(hundreds of thousands of monosaccharides)

function:
storage or strucutural compounds

23
Q

def. Startch

A

storage polysaccharides in plants

consists entierely of GLUCOSE monomers

24
Q

x3 common types of carbs

A

startch, glycogen, cellulose

25
Q

glycogen

A

stored as granulates in liver and muscle

more highlty branged than starch

HYDROLIZE GLYCOGEN -> GLUCOSE

26
Q

Celluclose

A

msot abundent organic compound on earth

polymer of glucose

enclose plant cells

parallel structue is good for strong support (trees)

Animals do NOT have enzymes necessary to hydrolozize glucose links of cellulose

27
Q

purpose of CHITIN

A

Structure polysaccharide

exoskeleton
cell walls of fungi
surgical thread

28
Q

Lipids are hydro_____

A

hydrophobic
NON - POLAR

29
Q

def. Fats

A

large lipid made from 2 smaller molecules & fatty acids

long term energy storage + cutions for muscle

30
Q

def. UNSATURATED FATS

A

one fewer hydrogen atom on each carbon of the double bond

generallly liquid

31
Q

def saturated fats

A

no double bonds in hydro carbon chain “saturated” with H

gernerally solid (ex. animal fats)

32
Q

what occurs when you eat trans fats

A

health risks

33
Q

_______ compose the majority of cell membranes

A

phosopholipids

34
Q

structure of steroids

A

lipid in which carbon skeleton contians 4 fused rings

35
Q

function of cholesterol

A

common compound in cell membrains

starting material for steroids (incl. sex hormones)

36
Q

monomer of protiens

A

Amino Acids (only 20)

37
Q

def of Amino Acids

A

conatain amino and carboxyl grp

38
Q

def R in protiens

A

a various chemical group attributed to serteain properteis of each amino acid

39
Q

Proteins: name of deydration rxn

A

Peptide bond

40
Q

Chain of amino acids =

A

polypeptide

41
Q
A

Biology Honors (3 decks)

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