Unit 2 - BIO CHEM - Characteristics of BioMolecules Flashcards
def. Organic Compound
CARBON based molecules
def Hydrocarbons
compounds composed of ONLY carbon and hydrogen
def. Carbon Skeleton
chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule
def Isomers
compounds w/ the same format but varying structural arraignments.
+ unique properties +diversity of organic molecules
def. HYDROPHILIC
water loving
POLAR
WATER BASED LIFE
Name the 6 Functional Groups
HYDROXYL GRP
CARBONYL GRP
CARBOXYL GRP
AMINO GRP
PHOSPHATE GRP
METHYL GRP
Properties/structure of Hydroxyl Grp.
-OH
ACOHOLS
H-CH2-CH2-OH
Propertites/Structure of CARBONYLGrp.
carbon linked via double bond to oxygen.
bonded to two other components c= o
ALDEHYDE (Carbonyl grp)
end of carbon skeleton
KETONE (carbonyl grp)
within the carbon chain
Properties/structure of Carboxyl grp
-COOH
Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also a hydroxyl grp.
- acts as an ACID => IONIZED
- Compounds w/ carboxyl grp = carboxylic ACIDS
! to protiens
Properties/structures of Amino Grp.
-NH2
nitrogen bonded to 2 hydrogens & the carbon skeleton.
! to proteins
- Acts as a BASE
Organic compound w/ amino grps = AMINES
Building blocks of proteins = amino acids (amino+carboxyl)
Properties/structures of PHOSPHATE grp.
-OPO3 2-
phosopurous atom bonded to 4 O atoms
compounds w/ phospate grps are called organic phospates
ex. energy rich ATP
Properties/structures of Methyl grp
-CH3
consisits fo a carbon bonded to 3 hydrogens.
methylated compounds
NON POLAR GROUP!!!!!!!!!!!!
Important to DNA
Building Polymers
Dehydration RXN
Breaking Polymers
Hydrolysis RXN
def. macromolecules
joining smaller chains of polymers
def. Enzymes
chemical “workers” that do the hydrolysis and dehydration rxns in cells
specialized macromolecules that act as a CATYLIST in cells (usually related to proteins)
def. Monosaccharides
carbohydrate monomers
SINGLE UNIT SUGAR
ex. glucose, fructose
How to identify a molecule as a sugar
Hydroxyl (-oh) group and a carbonyl (- - c=o) group
def. Disacharide
2 monosaccharides via dehydration rxn
ex. sucrose (glucose +fructose)
def. Polysaccharides
MACROMOLECULES
(hundreds of thousands of monosaccharides)
function:
storage or strucutural compounds
def. Startch
storage polysaccharides in plants
consists entierely of GLUCOSE monomers
x3 common types of carbs
startch, glycogen, cellulose
