Unit 2 [Atomic Theory]

Question 1

Column 1; very reactive

Answer 1

alkali metals

Question 2

Column 2; reactive

Answer 2

alkaline earth metals

Question 3

Column 3-12; Multivalent

Answer 3

transition

Question 4

“the other metals”; soft brittle metals

Answer 4

post-transition

Question 5

columns 13-16; non-metals that behave as metals in high temperatures

Answer 5

metalloids

Question 6

column 1&14-16; poor conductors; brittle solids

Answer 6

non-metals

Question 7

very reactive; need one more e- for full valence

Answer 7

halogen

Question 8

very unreactive; full valence

Answer 8

noble gases

Question 9

mass number

Answer 9

protons + neutrons

Question 10

nuclear charge

Answer 10

number of protons

Question 11

atomic charge

Answer 11

ion charge

Question 12

isotope

Answer 12

same amount of protons with different amounts of neutrons; same atomic number; different atomic mass

Question 13

formula for atomic mass

Answer 13

% of Atom ( Weigh )

Question 14

ionization energy

Answer 14

energy required to remove an electron from it’s valence shell

Question 15

ionization energy (left to right)

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

ionization energy (top to bottom)

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

atomic radius (left to right)

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

orbitals

Answer 18

a region where a pair or single electron can be found in 95% of the time

Question 19

types of orbitals

Answer 19

S, P, D, F

Question 20

neutral atom

Answer 20

no change in atom; e- = p+

Question 21

unstable ion

Answer 21

change in e-; valence NOT full

Question 22

stable ion

Answer 22

change in e-‘ FULL valence

Question 23

multivalent atom

Answer 23

multiple charges that all stabilize

Question 24

electronegativity

Answer 24

measure of attraction between a atom/e- in a bond

Question 25

covalent bond

Answer 25

e- is shared evenly; electronegativity difference of 0.2 or less

Question 26

ionic bond

Answer 26

e- is taken; electronegativity difference of 1.7 or more

Question 27

polar covalent

Answer 27

e- is share unevenly; electronegativity difference between 0.3 - 1.6; dipoles are formed

Question 28

δ

Answer 28

dipole; atom with higher electronegativity adapts δ- (behaves as if it took e-) and vice versa

Question 29

highest orbitals in electron configuration

Answer 29

valence e-

Question 30

number of bonds formed for H

Answer 30

1

Question 31

number of bonds formed for F,Cl,Br,I

Answer 31

1

Question 32

number of bonds formed for O,S

Answer 32

2

Question 33

number of bonds formed for N

Answer 33

3

Question 34

number of bonds formed for C

Answer 34

4

Question 35

intermolecular forces

Answer 35

attraction between molecules that hold multiple molecules together

Question 36

intramolecular forces

Answer 36

forces within a molecule that keep the atoms together

Question 37

London Forces

Answer 37

weak&short lived attractive forces that result when electrons are attracted by the positive nuclei in nearby molecules

Question 38

dipole dipole forces

Answer 38

strong attraction; result of permanent unequal sharing of e- in a polar covalent bond

Question 39

hydrogen bonds

Answer 39

v strong dipole dipole bond between H-F, H-N, H-O

Question 40

polar

Answer 40

asymmetrical (oppositely charged ends) or lone pair in central atom

Question 41

symmetrical

Answer 41

equally charged ends; repelling each other