Unit 2 APES Flashcards

1
Q

What is a thin spherical envelope of gases surrounding the Earth’s surface?

A

atmosphere

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2
Q

What consists of the part’s of earth’s air, water, and soil where life is found?

A

biosphere

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3
Q

What gases does the troposphere mainly consist of?

A

nitrogen and oxygen

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4
Q

What layer consists of all of the water on or near earth’s surface

A

hydrosphere

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5
Q

What consists of the earth’s core, mantle, and outer crust

A

geosphere

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6
Q

What are large regions with distinct climates and certain species adapted to them?

A

biomes

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7
Q

What are the two types of aquatic life zones called?

A

freshwater life zones and marine/ocean life zones

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8
Q

What are the three factors that sustain life on Earth?

A

one-way flow of high-quality energy from the sun, cycling of matter or nutrients through parts of the biosphere, and gravity

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9
Q

What is the natural greenhouse effect?

A

heat buildup in the troposphere caused by the presence of certain gasses, called greenhouse gases; without this effect, the earth would be nearly as cold as Mars, and life as we know it could not exist

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10
Q

What layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

A

stratosphere

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11
Q

What is the core?

A

the Earth’s innermost zone; extremely hot and has a solid inner part surrounded by a liquid core of molten or semisolid material

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12
Q

What is the mantle?

A

the thick zone surrounding the core; made mostly of solid rock

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13
Q

What is the zone of hot, partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic?

A

athenosphere

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14
Q

What are tectonic plates?

A

various-sized areas of the earth’s lithosphere that move slowly around with the mantle’s flowing asthenosphere

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15
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

outer shell of the earth, composed of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle outside the asthenosphere

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16
Q

What is it called when plates collide with one another?

A

convergent plates

17
Q

What is it called when oceanic plates move apart from one another?

A

divergent plates

18
Q

What is the physical, chemical, and biological processes that break down rocks into smaller particles that help build soil?

A

weathering

19
Q

What are slowly flowing bodies of ice called?

A

glaciers

20
Q

Where does an active volcano occur?

A

where magma reaches the earth’s surface through a central vent or a long crack, called a fissure

21
Q

What is a benefit of volcanic activity?

A

it creates outstanding scenery in the form of majestic mountains, some lakes, and other landforms

22
Q

What are the vibrations from earthquakes called?

A

seismic waves

23
Q

What is the place where an earthquake begins?

A

focus

24
Q

What are primary effects of earthquakes?

A

shaking and sometimes a permanent vertical or horizontal displacement of the ground

25
Q

What is a tsunami?

A

a series of large waves generated when part of the ocean floor suddenly rises or drops

26
Q

What is a mineral?

A

am element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally in the earth’s crust as a solid with a regular internal crystalline structure

27
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

sedimentary rock, igneous rock, and metamorphic rock

28
Q

What is a solid combination of one or more minerals found in the earth’s crust?

A

rock

29
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

the force per unit area of a column of air

30
Q

What layer contains about 75-80 percent of the earth’s air mass?

A

troposphere

31
Q

What is the point of having an ozone layer?

A

it protects us from UV radiation