Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 11 > Unit 2 - AOS 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 - AOS 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Structural adaptations

A

Physical features an organism is biologically birthed with and allows it to survive in its ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

the way in which an organism behaves or acts in order to survive in its ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Physiological adaptations

A

Internal body functions and processes which allows an organism to survive in its ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

torpor

A

change in metabolic rate in order to allow the organism to adapt and cope with climate changes (eg. extreme heat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hibernation

A

term described as ‘long-term torpor’, occurs during wet seasons (winter), and reduces:

  1. metabolism
  2. oxygen requirements
  3. heart rate
  4. respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bioluminescence

A

Physiological adaptation process, where organisms produce light in order to attract preys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mesophyte

A

plants in mild/moderate environments.
During winter, leaves shed.
water lost through stomata is regained through environment.
eg. roses and daisies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydrophytes

A

Aquatic climates, plant is usually half or completely in water.
plants with floating leaves have their stomata located at the top of the leaf, with a thin cuticle.
roots underwater have air-filled spaces
eg. water lily and marine sea grass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Xerophyte

A

Arid climates,
aims to reduce water loss through:
thick cuticle
Hairs covering the leaves
Sunken stomata and fewer stomata (Wind)
Reduced leaf size
Leaves face away from the sun (Eucalyptus)
eg. cacti and eucalyptus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lignotubers

A

swelling at the base of stem or trunk which allows regeneration of the plant in arid climates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

epicormic buds

A

Bud tissue lie beneath bark which allows new shoots to grow after damage of previous ones due to extreme climates (fires).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Halophytes

A

plants which cope with high levels of salt.
features to survive in salty climates include:
- shedding leaves with high slat levels
- excreting salt through salt glands
- pumping salt out the roots
- increasing water uptake and growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Biosphere

A

all areas of earth supporting life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

biomes

A

major land communities distributed around the world with similar climates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ecosystems

A

all populations of an area interacting with each other as well as the environment.
abiotic and biotic factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Community

A

interacting populations in one area.
only biotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Species

A

group of organism which can interbreed to produce offsprings with varied features.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

population

A

group of same species living/interacting in one area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

organism

A

one single living being.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ecology

A

the study of relationships/interactions between living things and their surroundings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Abiotic factors

A

non-living factors of life.
(eg, temp, oxygen, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Biotic factors

A

living factors of life.
(plants, animals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Habitats

A

environment where particular species live and can survive in.
some organisms have several habitats, so they have a broad range of tolerance. these individuals are called Generalists.

other organisms can only live in one habitat. these individuals are called specialists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Niches

A

role an organism plays in a community,
how they interact with other species and uses resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

predators

A

organism who hunt and feed on their preys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

preys

A

who get hunted and fed on by their predators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

mutualism

A

when both organisms benefit.
eg. fungi and plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

commensalism

A

when on organism benefits, whilst the other is unaffected.
eg. possum nesting in tree hollows

29
Q

parasitism

A

when the parasite benefits whilst the host is harmed.
eg. fleas on dogs

30
Q

amensalism

A

one organism kills the other with no benefit to itself (unaffected and harm)
eg. cattle or brumies trample vegetation

31
Q

predation

A

one organism feeds on the other (benefit and harm)
eg. lion eating zebra

32
Q

producers

A

(autotrophs) make their own food through photosynthesis, eg. plants.

33
Q

consumers

A

(heterotrophs) must eat other organism to receive their source of energy and nutrients.

34
Q

herbivores

A

eat plants and vegetation.

35
Q

carnivores

A

eat meat only.

36
Q

scavengers

A

eat dead meat.

37
Q

detrivores

A

eat dead organism and waste products in soil.

38
Q

decomposers

A

release chemicals to break down dead matter (digest externally)

39
Q

parasite

A

feeds on its hosts.

40
Q

trophic levels

A

each feeding level in food chains/webs.
the greater the trophic level, the more species involved.

41
Q

asexual reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction is the production of an offspring just from one parent. (unicellular organism).

42
Q

sexual reproduction

A

the production of an offspring involving a mate where the fusion of two gametes, one from each parent produces a zygote.

43
Q

fission

A

an organism is split into two to make two identical organisms of the same size and genetics. fission involves mitosis and cytokinesis.

44
Q

budding

A

an unequal division where a new organism is formed by the outgrowth of a parent. (one longer than other)

45
Q

fragmentation

A

involves an organism splitting into two or more fragments, each of which develops into a new organism.

46
Q

spore formation

A

Many Spores are housed in sacs known as Sporangia. The plants produce hundreds of spores and the spore sac bursts.

47
Q

vegetative reproduction

A

parts of a plant is made to undergo reproduction. rhizomes are when the roots of a plant reproduce new shoots and roots underground. runners are when plants also form horizontal stems.

48
Q

parthenogenesis

A

virgin birth, which involves development of a female gamete (sex cell) without fertilization. to create an embryo without the need of a mate. (cloning method).

49
Q

grafting

A

The stem of two plants are connected together by tying them up to fuse the stem tissues in order combine and create a new variation of the two plants. (breeding of plants)

50
Q

tissue culture

A

fragments or cells from a parent plant are selected and grown in a culture medium.

51
Q

horticulture

A

the production of new plants and vegetation through several methods.

52
Q

cuttings

A

A part of a plant is cut and placed into new soil with all its abiotic factors, where then the plant undergoes fragmentation and begins to produce new roots in which a new plant is produced.

53
Q

Embryo splitting

A

using several IVF techniques to form twins, triplets, etc. to create identical organism (clone)

54
Q

SCNT

A

Somatic cell nuclear transfer
nvolves the transfer of the nucleus from a somatic cell (body cell) to an unfertilised embryo.
The egg is transplanted into a surrogate mother to develop. The resulting offspring is identical with the somatic cell donor.

55
Q

keystone species

A

play a role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem. (eg. shark)

56
Q

distribution

A

geographical range of species and habitat.

57
Q

abundance

A

total number of organism in a population.

58
Q

immigration and emigration

A

immigration is moving into a country or region.
emigration is moving out a country or region.

59
Q

exponential growth

A

a j shaped mathematical graph which displays the ideal growth of an organism without any limiting factors impacting its increase in population.

60
Q

interspecific competition

A

organisms of different species compete for resources.

61
Q

intraspecific competition

A

two organisms of the same species compete for resources.

62
Q

law of tolerance

A

organisms which have a range of tolerance for abiotic factors. however in situations where the organism has a narrow range of tolerance and slight increases or decreases occur, can cause disruptions in the organisms survival.

63
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

sexually reproducing organisms which have both female and male reproductive systems, and self-fertalize both gametes, to create a new individual.

64
Q

genetic diversity

A

Genetic diversity is the variety of genes or alleles present within a species or population.

65
Q

micropropagation

A

using extremely small pieces of plant tissue taken from a carefully chosen and prepared mother plant, and growing these under laboratory conditions to produce new plants.

66
Q

tropism (nastic movement)

A

when a plant moves in response to an external stimulus in the environment:
positive tropism
negative tropism
postive geotropism
negative geotropism

67
Q

thigmo(tropism)nasty

A

movment of a plant in response to touch

68
Q

photo(tropism)nasty

A

movement of a plant in response to light intensity.

69
Q

thermo(tropism)nasty

A

movement of a plant in response to changes in temp.

Biology 11 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions