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Environmental Science > UNIT 2 AOS 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 2 AOS 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine System

A

Organisms chemical messaging system.

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2
Q

Sources of Endocrine Disruptors

A

Plastics, Natural hormones, Industry, Medications, Personal care products, Pesticides

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3
Q

What is pollution?

A

When harmful substances contaminate the environment.

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4
Q

Primary Pollution

A

Substance that is released into the environment directly from a polluting source (CO, NO2)

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5
Q

Secondary Pollution

A

Formed by chemical changes to primary pollutants. (Ozone, nitric acid)

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6
Q

Atmospheric pollution

A

Chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of humans, animals, and plants.

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7
Q

Examples of Atmospheric Pollution

A

CO2, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon Monoxide

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8
Q

What are VOCs

A

Volatile organic compound, Gases that are emitted into the air from products and processes.

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9
Q

Acid Rain

A

Water Vapor in the atmosphere naturally dissolves carbon dioxide to form carbonic acids.

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10
Q

Volcanic Ash & Gas

A

Sulfur dioxide is released near volcanoes and is very toxic to wildlife.

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11
Q

Water Pollution

A

Occurs when pollutants enters waterways at excessive levels.

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12
Q

Water pollution Examples

A

Plastic in water, nitrogen, industrial waste

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13
Q

Dead Zones

A

Reduced amount of dissolved oxygen, usually from run-off (Hypoxia)

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14
Q

Oil Seep

A

Fractures in the sea floor provides outlets for oil to leak through the sea floor

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15
Q

Terrestrial Pollution

A

Occurs as a result from an imbalanced of natural systems caused by humans

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16
Q

Terrestrial Pollution Examples

A

Soil Salinity & contaminated soil

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17
Q

Heavy Metals

A

Toxic and persistent in the environment for a long time

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18
Q

Light Pollution

A

Caused by excessive light in the sky from streetlights.

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19
Q

Noise Pollution

A

Continuous and reoccurring noise which is annoying or physically harmful

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20
Q

Noise Pollution Examples

A

Cars, Trucks

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21
Q

Waste Pollutants

A

Substance, eliminated or discharged as no linger useful or required after completion.

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22
Q

Thermal Pollution

A

Heat from hot water that is discharged from a power plant or factory into a river or lake. (Threats to aquatic life)

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23
Q

Containment Pollutants

A

Substance that doesn’t naturally occur, or a substance found at concentration above backgrounds.

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24
Q

Pollutants

A

A contaminate that results in or can result adverse biological effects.

25
Q

Transport Mechanisms

A

Where a pollutant ends up in the environment depends on the transport mechanism and transformations that operate on the pollutant.

26
Q

Direct Source

A

Pollution is discharged directly into the effected environmental.

27
Q

Indirect Source

A

A pollutant finds its way indirectly into an environment

28
Q

Direct Source Example

A

Smoke, chimney

29
Q

Indirect Source

A

Fertilizer placed.

30
Q

Point Source Emissions

A

Single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged.

31
Q

Point Source Emission Example

A

Pipe, Ditch

32
Q

Pollution Sinks

A

A process or place that removes, stores or absorbs pollutants.

33
Q

Pollution Sink Example

A

nitrates - no2

34
Q

Transport Mechanisms

A

Pollutants being transported through the environment by Air, water etc

35
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Refers to the accumulation over time of a substance, especially a contaminant (such as a pesticide or heavy metal), in a living organism

36
Q

Bioconcertration

A

Body of chemical taken in directly from the environment

37
Q

Biomagnification

A

Increased concentration of a chemical in organisms as you go up the food chain

38
Q

Natural Mercury

A

Atmospheric mercury comes from volcanic emission of forest fire

39
Q

Where can you find natural Mercury

A

It is found in rocks, soil, water and air

40
Q

Unnatural site of mercury

A

Mining sites where mercury has been dug up.

41
Q

Health Impacts of Mercury

A

Mercury is toxic to humans and poisoning is fatal

42
Q

Scales of impacts on human and environment

A

Local, Regional, Global

43
Q

Scale of impact - Local

A

Affects few square kilometers (oil spills)

44
Q

Scale of impact - Regional

A

Affects large and distinct areas (photochemical smog)

45
Q

Scale of impact - Global

A

Affects global and international area (greenhouse effect)

46
Q

Exposure

A

A measure of how much is a pollutant person is exposed to in given amount of time

47
Q

Ingested (exposure)

A

Via food, drink or absorbed into blood stream

48
Q

Inhaled (exposure)

A

Taken into lungs and absorbed through membrane into blood stream

49
Q

Dermal Absorption

A

Absorbed through the skin

50
Q

Persistence

A

increased exposure

51
Q

Dosage

A

Amount of a chemical absorbed per unit of bodyweight; the level of harm caused to human Devlopment on the dose.

52
Q

Respiration rate of dosage

A

How often somebody breaths when exposed to a pollutant

53
Q

Frequency of expose

A

How often somebody is exposed to the pollutant

54
Q

Toxicity

A

Effect of a certain dose of a pollutant depends how harmful the substance is.

55
Q

Acute toxicity

A

Adverse health effects from a single exposure of the toxic substance

56
Q

Chronic toxicity

A

Refers to adverse health effects of repeated exposed to a pollutant in a period of more than a year

57
Q

Threshold

A

Level of chemical exposure below which there is no adverse effect and above which there is significant toxic effect.

58
Q
A

Environmental Science (1 decks)

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