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Exercise Testing and Perscription > Unit 2 - Antihypertensive > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Antihypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

Lower sodium reabsorption at different sites in the nephron (kidney), thereby increasing urinary sodium and water losses and lowering blood volume and BP.

A

Diuretics

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2
Q

Decrease the heart rate and cardiac output, which lowers blood pressure and makes the heartbeat both more slowly and with less force.

A

Beta-Blockers

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3
Q

Mechanism of action inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, blocking catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) from binding to nerves.

A

Beta-Blockers

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4
Q

Act on the Heart

A

Beta 1 Blockers

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5
Q

Act on the Lungs

A

Beta 2 Blockers

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6
Q

Beta 1 Blockers

A

Decrease HR and Contractility

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7
Q

Beta 2 Blockers

A

Peripheral Vasoconstriction and Bronchoconstriction

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8
Q

Alpha Blocker

A

Peripheral Vasodilation

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9
Q

Medications act on combinations of these receptors to reduce CO and BP

A

Beta 1, Beta 2, Alpha Blockers

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10
Q

Cardiovascular beneficial effects of Beta-Blockers:

A
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Decreased myocardial oxygen demand
  • Decreased water and salt retention
  • Decreased oxidative and inflammatory stress
  • Attenuated cardiovascular remodeling
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11
Q

Mechanism of Action: Blocks slow calcium channels.

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

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12
Q

Decrease contractility
Vasodilation
AV Node Slows

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

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13
Q

Calcium channel blockers inhibit calcium influx into arterial smooth muscles

A

Hypertension

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14
Q

In smooth muscles, calcium influx from L-type calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle is responsible for normal resting tone and contractility.

A

Cardiac Muscle

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15
Q

Lower the tonicity of coronary arteries.

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

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16
Q

Calcium channel blockers affect ______.

A

Action Potential; SA and AV nodes depend on calcium.

17
Q

Calcium channel blockers reduce ________ in all cardiac cells and reduce cardiac ________.

A

ECC; Contractility

18
Q

Calcium channel blockers reduce ______ by the heart.

A

Oxygen demand

19
Q

Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme

A

ACE Inhibitors

*Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor).

20
Q

Responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

21
Q

A powerful vasoconstrictor

A

Angiotensin II

22
Q

Block the receptors, thereby preventing angiotensin II from hooking onto these receptors

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

23
Q
  • Used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure
  • Relax vasculature, decrease blood volume, and decrease oxygen demand from the heart
  • ACE prevents the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II – the latter protein being responsible for blood pressure raising effects.
A

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

Exercise Testing and Perscription (5 decks)

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