Unit 2: Anthropology Flashcards
What is material culture?
All physical objects that humans created, and or gave meaning to. (clothes,car,schools). Things that are tangible meaning we can see and touch them
What is non-material culture?
Thoughts,behaviours,values,beliefs,ideas,language, rules, customs, skills, myths, family patterns and poltical systems. Things we can not see or touch, are abstract or conecptual.
Behavior patterns
Politics,econmoics,family, communication
Knowledge and Beliefs
Science, Myths, attitudes, Religion, Philosphy, values
Material Culture
Food,dress,tools,transportation,shelter,art,weapons, Industry
Cultural Anthropoloygy
Investigates the orgins, development, and functioning of human cultures
What are the branches of Cultural Anthropology?
Archaeology, Applied Anthropology, Linguistics, Ethnology & Ethnography
What is Archaeology?
examines the past through archaeology digs to unearth information that is buried and forgotten
What is applied Anthropology?
uses research results to solve practical problems for people in different cultures
It could be solutions from culture to another or it could be solutions from research done in one culture then applied to another
What is Lingustics?
studies language changes over time, look at how languages are related and meanings
What do lingustics use?
Use primary research such as case studies, interviews, content analysis and participant observations to better understand the use of language in a particular culture.
What is Ethnology?
The study and comparison of past cultures and or contemporary cultures. Primary research involves looking at case studies, analyzing data, observations and interviews.
What is Ethnography?
An in-depth description of a particular culture. Primary research is done through participant observing where the anthropologist lives among the culture for a period of time.
Physical Anthropology
Studies human evolution, human biology, and other primates. Have extensive training in human skeletal anatomy.
What is a biological anthropologist?
Study disease and illness, environmental and social conditions, human evolution
What is a primatologist?
Study primates to better understand their culture, and species as a whole. Compare primates to humans.
What is a forensic anthroplogist?
the examination of human skeletal remains for law enforcement to determine the identity of unidentified bones. They can help aid law enforcement by developing a profile on unidentifed remains
What is nature?
the influence of inherited biological characteristics on human behaviour
What is nurture?
the process if training and influencing a child through learning
Subcultures
share characteristics of the overall culture but also have important distinctive ideas and behaviours.
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to judge others by one’s own values.
Cultural relativism
All cultures should be respected for developing ways to survive. Cannot compare two cultures because each culture has its own internal rules that must be accepted
Franz Boas
Functional Theory
Idea that every belief, relationship, and action in a culture functions to meet the needs of the individual.
Meeting needs of individual makes culture as a whole successful
Malinowinsky
Cultural Materialism
Materials or conditions within the environment influence how a culture develops, creating the ideas and ideologies of the culture.
Marvin Harris
Material culture changes before ideas change.
Feminist Anthropology
Make sure female voices were heard, and included in research
Examine cultures to see domination of men, women or both
Erenstine Frield
Postmodernism
The belief that it is impossible to have any true knowledge of the world.
Rejects idea of objective truth
Tries to deconstruct and breakdown what society believes to be true
Sam Dunn
Paleoanthropology
study of bone and stone remains from ancestors
Charles Darwin
Natural Selection, Orgins of Species
Why is fire important?
heat,light, protection, helping them migrate
