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Biology 1309 > Unit 2: Animals > Flashcards

Unit 2: Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four characteristics seen in animals?

A
  • Eat other animals to obtain nutrients
  • Animals are motile in at least one stage of their life
  • Pass through common stages during development from embryo
  • Almost all animals have specialized tissue
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2
Q

From which colony of protists did the first animal evolve?

A

Flagellate protists

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3
Q

What is the Cambrian explosion?

A

Many different animal body plans appear in the fossils

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4
Q

What are two hypotheses for the Cambrian explosion?

A
  • Hard body coverings led to increasingly complex predator-prey relationships
  • Atmospheric oxygen reached high enough concentration to support the metabolism of more active, mobile animals
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5
Q

What are Hox genes?

A

Genes that control cells during development and cause different body plans

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6
Q

What are the different ways animals reproduce?

A
  • Sexual reproduction (fertilization of gametes)
  • Asexual reproduction (budding/fragmentation)
  • Parthenogenesis (unfertilized eggs develop into new offspring)
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7
Q

List the eight features observed when dividing animals.

A
  • Cell and tissue organization
  • Body symmetry
  • Germ layers
  • Protostomes or deuterostomes
  • Ecdysozoans or lophotrochozoans
  • Body cavity
  • Digestive tract
  • Segmentation
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8
Q

What are the three different types of symmetry?

A
  • Radial (multiple parts around a central axis)
  • Bilateral (only one plane can divide animal into mirror images)
  • Asymmetrical (lack symmetry)
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9
Q

What is the difference between deuterostomes and protostomes?

A
  • Deuterostomes: first opening is the anus, develops back to front
  • Protostomes: first opening is the mouth, develops front to back
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10
Q

Define acoelomate.

A

Lack coelom (no true body cavity)

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11
Q

Define pseudocoelomate.

A

Incomplete body cavity (mesoderm only lines epidermis - body wall)

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12
Q

Define coelomate.

A

True body cavity - organs are encased within the mesoderm

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13
Q

What are the four chordate characteristics?

A
  • Notochord
  • Dorsal hollow nerve cord
  • Postanal tail
  • Pharyngeal pouches
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14
Q

List evolutionary innovations as vertebrates moved from water to land.

A
  • Denser bones
  • Lungs and circulatory system
  • Acute hearing and sight, tear glands, and eyelids
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15
Q

What is a monotreme?

A

Lay eggs

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16
Q

Give examples of monotremes.

A
  • Echidnas
  • Platypuses
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17
Q

What is a marsupial?

A

Give birth to underdeveloped offspring; development is finished within a pouch

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18
Q

Give examples of marsupials.

A
  • Kangaroos
  • Koalas
  • Opossums
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19
Q

What is a placental mammal?

A

Give birth to completely developed offspring

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20
Q

Give examples of placental mammals.

A
  • Polar bears
  • Dogs
  • Horses
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21
Q

Which phylum contains vertebrates with deuterostome development?

A

Chordata

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22
Q

Which phylum contains animals that have nerve nets?

A

Cnidaria

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23
Q

Which phylum contains cuttlefish?

A

Mollusca

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24
Q

Which phylum contains animals that have a radula?

A

Mollusca

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25
Q

Which phylum contains roundworms?

A

Nematoda

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26
Q

Which phylum contains animals that have a closed circulatory system and nephridia?

A

Annelida

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27
Q

Which phylum contains animals that have an open circulatory system and nephridia?

A

Mollusca

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28
Q

Which phylum contains animals that use choanocytes to filter food?

A

Porifera

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29
Q

Which phylum contains animals that use the water vascular system?

A

Echinodermata

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30
Q

Which phylum contains animals that are bilateral and acoelomate?

A

Platyhelminthes

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31
Q

Which phylum contains sponges?

A

Porifera

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32
Q

Which phylum contains animals that must molt their cuticle to grow?

33
Q

Which phylum contains certain members that have book lungs?

A

Arthropoda

34
Q

Which phylum contains leeches?

35
Q

Which phylum contains members that reproduce by spawning?

A

Echinodermata

36
Q

Which phylum contains animals whose body is supported by a mesohyl?

37
Q

Which phylum contains animals that use penis fencing?

A

Platyhelminthes

38
Q

Which phylum contains animals that have a coelom ONLY around the heart?

39
Q

Which phylum contains dogs?

40
Q

Which phylum contains animals that have a tissue level of organization?

41
Q

Which phylum contains animals with an exoskeleton made of chitin?

A

Arthropoda

42
Q

Which phylum contains pseudocoelomates?

43
Q

Which phylum contains sea cucumbers?

A

Echinodermata

44
Q

Which phylum showed cephalization FIRST?

A

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

45
Q

Which phylum contains bilateral larva and radial adult?

A

Echinodermata

46
Q

Which phylum contains butterflies?

A

Arthropoda

47
Q

Which phylum contains animals that have a complete digestive system with specialized mouthparts?

A

Arthropoda

48
Q

Which phylum contains animals that use renette cells?

49
Q

Which phylum contains flatworms?

A

Platyhelminthes

50
Q

Which phylum uses a hydrostatic skeleton for support?

51
Q

Which phylum contains corals?

52
Q

Which phylum contains asymmetrical animals?

53
Q

Which phylum showed a circulatory system FIRST?

54
Q

Which phylum contains members that have three germ layers and a backbone?

55
Q

Which phylum contains snails?

56
Q

Which subphylum shows the four chordate characteristics in larval form ONLY?

A

Urochordata

57
Q

Which class includes chickens?

58
Q

Which class contains members covered in scales made of keratin?

59
Q

Which class contains animals that have skeletons made of cartilage?

A

Chondrichthyes

60
Q

Which class includes polar bears?

61
Q

Which class includes jawless fishes?

62
Q

Which subphylum includes lancelets?

A

Cephalochordata

63
Q

Which class contains members that have swim bladders?

A

Osteichthyes

64
Q

Which class was the FIRST to colonize land?

65
Q

Which class was the first to use amniotic eggs?

66
Q

Which class can live in areas that are scarce in food due to being ectotherms?

67
Q

Which class includes sting rays?

A

Chondrichthyes

68
Q

Which class contains animals that have bones that are hollow?

69
Q

Which class includes lizards?

70
Q

Which subphylum includes tunicates?

A

Urochordata

71
Q

Which class contains members that were the first to show cranium?

72
Q

Which class contains animals that are endothermic and have no teeth?

73
Q

Which class includes clown fish?

A

Osteichthyes

74
Q

Which class contains animals that have a lateral line to detect vibrations?

A

Chondrichthyes

75
Q

Which class has a structure that secretes milk?

76
Q

Which subphylum shows the four chordate characteristics as adults ONLY?

A

Osteichthyes

77
Q

Which class contains animals that have operculum?

A

Osteichthyes

78
Q

Which class includes salamanders?

Biology 1309 (1 decks)

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