Unit 2 and 3 Flashcards
Unsupported assertions
are not arguments. Examples: reports, illustrations, explanations, and conditionals
Report
set of statements intended to provide info about a situation, topic, or event
Illustration
statement together with an explanatory or clarifying example
explanatory statement
provides a reason for the occurrence of some phenomenon
Conditional statements
taken by themselves, are not technically arguments
well-crafted arguments
arguments stated in such a way that their important logical features are explicit
Well-crafted versions
making a bad argument into a good one
Statements
sentences that are either true or false
Premise Indicators
words that indicate the premise is following.
Examples: because, since, for, as, after all, the reason is that, in light of the fact that, and based on the fact that
Conclusion indicators
Signal conclusions
Examples: so, therefore, consequently, etc.
Standard form
Put conditional premises or conclusions in form
If A then B
Discount
Acknowledgement of a fact or possibility that might be thought to render the argument invalid, weak, unsound, or uncogent
Rhetorical elements
elements that increases an arguments psychological persuaviness without affecting its validity, strength, soundness, or cogency
Assurance
a statement, word, or phrase that indicates that the author is confident of a premise or inference
Hedge
statement, word, or phrase that indicates that the arguer is tentative about a premise or inference
Examples: I think that, in my opinion, and perhaps
