Unit 2: American Revolution

Question 1

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 1

After French and Indian War, King George II forbid colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

Question 2

Mercantilism

Answer 2

the idea that colonies exist for the express benefit of the empire, the colonies exist to make the empire better.

Question 3

Sugar Act

Answer 3

raised taxes on raw sugar & placed new taxes on wine and coffee

Question 4

Stamp Act

Answer 4

taxed newspapers, diplomas, posters, wills & playing cards

Question 5

Stamp Act Protests

Answer 5

• Colonists launched massive protests to the passage of the Stamp Act.
• In NYC, in 1965, 9 colonies sent representatives to the Stamp Act Congress to launch an organized protest of the act.
• The British do not listen to the protesting. Local groups begin organized opposition.
• In Boston, the “Sons of Liberty” begin boycotting British goods.
• The British repeal the stamp act after boycotting (denying the link). But pass the Declaratory Act soon after.

Question 6

Declaratory Act

Answer 6

stated that Parliament could make laws binding the American colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”

Question 7

The Townshend Acts (1767)

Answer 7

Revenue Act: put new taxes on glass, paint, paper & tea.
-Allowed officials to seize private property & search property without a proper search warrant
- Starting of the phrase, “No taxation without representation.”

Question 8

Boston Tea Party

Answer 8

• Tea Act of 1773: Gave the British East India Company a tax refund & the ability to bypass American tea distributors.
• December 17, 1773, a group of colonists dressed as Native Americans dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor
• Britain passes the Intolerable Acts

Question 9

The Gaspee Affair

Answer 9

A ship sent to patrol American waters and intercept smugglers. The ship ran aground and was burned by the colonists.

Question 10

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 10

• a group dedicated to communication between colonies regarding British activity, the beginning of the US congress
• Created to come to Rhode Island’s aid when being threatened by Britain with seizure and extradition

Question 11

The Intolerable / Coercive Acts of 1774

Answer 11

a series of four (5) laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party.

Question 12

Quebec Act

Answer 12

Gave the Ohio RIver Valley to the Quebec Colony

Question 13

Quartering Act (Reinstated)

Answer 13

forced the colonists to provide food and housing for the soldiers stationed in the colonies

Question 14

Massachusetts Governance Act

Answer 14

outlawed town councils and elected officials, put the colony under direct control of the crown

Question 15

Boston Port Bill

Answer 15

totally closed and shut down the Boston harbor

Question 16

Administering Justice Act

Answer 16

gave Britain the authority to take the accused back to Great Britain for jury trials

Question 17

First Continental Congress

Answer 17

• Sept. 5, 1774
• 55 delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia
• Colonists were encouraged to arm themselves and boycott British goods but remain loyal to king
• considered act of rebellion by King George III, troops were sent late 1774 to early ‘75

Question 18

Minutemen

Answer 18

trained militia meant to be ready to fight at a minute’s notice

Question 19

Loyalists/Tories

Answer 19

Americans who supported the British

Question 20

Patriots/Whigs

Answer 20

Americans who believed the British had become tyrants

Question 21

Lexington/Concord Battle

Answer 21

• 700 British Soldiers planned to seize colonial supplies in Concord
• 70 minutemen intercepted them in Lexington
• Shot heard ‘round the world”- no one knows who fired it
• Colonists removed supplies & set up 400 men at Concord
• British retreated (99 British & 49 colonists died)

Question 22

2nd Continental Congress

Answer 22

• Met in Philadelphia again to discuss defense
• ## Adopted militia as continental army w/ George Washington as commander

Question 23

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 23

• stated that colonies were still loyal to the king & asked him to call off the fighting & negotiate peacefully
• was ignored by King George III, left unread, and he declared the colonies to be in full rebellion
• The Continental Congress began functioning as an independent government. Colonies had agreement on alliances and colonies acted as official states.

Question 24

Common Sense

Answer 24

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine declaring King George III a tyrant and the need for independence

Question 25

Declaration of Independence

Answer 25

• Issued July 4, 1776
• Created the United States of America
• Gave a moral explanation for why the Americans had to leave British control

Question 26

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 26

• 8,900 British troops & 1,000 Iroquois warriors marched into NY & took Fort Ticonderoga
• US troops & militia pushed the British back to Saratoga
• American troops surrounded the British & forced a surrender, taking 5,000 soldiers prisoner
  Convinced the French to recognize the US as an independent nation & declare war on Britain
• the French, and later Spain, also sent needed supplies & began training the Americans

Question 27

The War in the South

Answer 27

• From 1778 to 1780, the British forces under the command of Gen. Charles Cornwallis took control of several southern cities
• War in the South was especially harsh because Americans were fighting against Americans
• Starting in the summer of 1780, Cornwallis tried to take control of the countryside, but had mixed results.
• Militias are using Guerilla tactics and attacking from undercover, targeting supply lines.

Question 28

The Battle of Yorktown

Answer 28

• Cornwallis decided to settle into the coastal port of Yorktown to wait for reinforcements and supplies to arrive.
• Americans quickly moved to cut off any escape by the British over the land
• the French fleet arrived & blocked reinforcements from arriving and also blocked any escape via the sea
• surrounding the British, the French & Americans began a non-stop bombardment.
• There was no escape and Cornwallis surrendered

Question 29

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 29

• Britain recognized the independence of the United States
• Border between the US & Canada was set to the MIssissippi River
• Mississippi RIver was established as the border between the US & the Spanish territory to the west
• Florida was returned to Spain

Question 30

Commander of Colonists

Answer 30

Commander William Prescott

Question 31

When was the Battle of Bunker Hill

Answer 31

June 17, 1775

Question 32

What act gave the British East India Company a tax refund and the ability to bypass American tea distributors?

Answer 32

Tea Act of 1773