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Ap Gov Unit 1 > Unit 2: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs > Flashcards

Unit 2: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs Flashcards

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1
Q

American Core Values (5)

A

Individualism, Equality of Opportunity, Free Enterprise, Rule of Law, Limited Government

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2
Q

Political Culture

A

the dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and government

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3
Q

Individualism

A

the belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make

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4
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

everyone should have the chance to succeed based on their effort

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5
Q

Free Enterprise (Laissez-Faire)

A

an economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the economic transactions among citizens and businesses

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6
Q

Rule of Law

A

the principle that no one, including public officials, is above the law

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7
Q

Limited Government

A

human beings have inherent rights that the government cant take away

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8
Q

Political Socialization

A

the experience and factors that shape an individual’s political values, attitudes, and behaviors

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9
Q

Political Ideology

A

an individual’s coherent set of beliefs about government and politics

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10
Q

Generational Effect

A

the impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views

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11
Q

Life-Cycle Effect

A

the impact of a person’s age and stage in life on his or her political views

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12
Q

Globalization

A

the increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries around the world

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13
Q

Outsourcing

A

occurs when a company moves its businesses to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient because workers work long hours

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14
Q

Public Opinion

A

the sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues

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15
Q

Focus Groups

A

a small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues

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16
Q

Scientific poll

A

takes into account a representative sample of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size, using neutral language

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17
Q

Sample

A

a group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion

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18
Q

Random Selection

A

a method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over- or underrepresent any group of the population

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19
Q

Representative Sample

A

a sample that reflects the demographics of the population

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20
Q

Sampling Error

A

the margin of error in a poll

21
Q

Entrance Survey

A

a poll conducted of people who are coming into an event

22
Q

Exit polls

A

a survey conducted following an event or at a polling place after individuals have voted, asking who or what individuals voted for and why

23
Q

Benchmark Polls

A

a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters

24
Q

Tracking Polls

A

determine level of support for a candidate or issue

25
Q

What are the 3 Survey Techniques?

A

1) Random digital dialing- uses telephone numbers randomly generated by a computer to select respondents
2) Question Order- the sequencing of questions in a public opinions polls
3) Question Wording- the phrasing of question in a public opinion poll

26
Q

Political Ideology

A

a set of beliefs about the desired goals and outcomes of process of governance

27
Q

Right

A

something guaranteed that the government cant take away

28
Q

Privilege

A

something a person may obtain or receive but that the government can take away

29
Q

Party Identification

A

an individual’s attachment to a political party

30
Q

Conservatism

A

an ideology favoring more control over social behavior, fewer regulations on businesses and less government interference in the economy

31
Q

Liberalism

A

an ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and more greater regulation of businesses and of the economy

32
Q

Libertarianism

A

an ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention beyond protecting private property and individual liberty

33
Q

Command-and-control economy

A

economic policy in which government dictates much of nation’s economic activity, including the amount production and price of goods

34
Q

Mixed economy

A

economic policy in which many economic condition are left to individuals and businesses, with government regulating economic activity

35
Q

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A

the total value of goods and services produced by an economy

36
Q

Economic Recession

A

two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth

37
Q

Unemployment Rate

A

the percentage of people actively looking for work who cant find a job

38
Q

Inflation

A

the rise in prices of goods and services

39
Q

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

A

the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, used to measure the cost of living

40
Q

Keynesianism Theory

A

effects of individuals decisions with regard to saving and spending drives business cycles

41
Q

What is a Boom in economy? (Keynesianism)

A

people spend more money, invest unwisely

42
Q

What is a Bust in economy? (Keynesianism)

A

people cut back on spending and investing, exacerbating contraction

43
Q

Supply-Side Theory

A

proposes lower taxes on individuals and businesses

44
Q

Fiscal Policy

A

government use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment, support economic growth, and stabilize the economy

45
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

a board of governors, Federal Reserve Banks, and member banks responsible for monetary policy

46
Q

What are the 3 main tools of the Fed to influence the economy?

A

1) Buys and sells treasuries
2) sets and reserve rates that require banks to have a certain amount of deposits kept in reserve
3) influences interest rates banks pay to borrow money from the federal government

47
Q

Medicare

A

a federal program that provides health insurance to seniors and the disabled

48
Q

Medicaid

A

a federal program that provides health care for the poor

Ap Gov Unit 1 (2 decks)

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