Unit 2 Age of Contact Flashcards
Understand the Era of European Explores in the Age of Contact (Unit 2:Chapter 4)
Conquistador
Spanish soldiers in search of riches and power for themselves and wealth and glory for Spain, explored the Americas.
1519
Date that Spanish explorers discovered Texas. (Pineda)
3 G’s of Explorers
God, gold and glory!
God-spreading of Catholic religion
Gold-search for gold, silver, jewels and spices
Glory-fame of discovering and conquering new lands/people
missions
First Spanish settlements or religious outposts in the New World.
Settlements where priests teach Catholic religion to natives.
Natives learn religion, make crafts and farm to sustain village.
Friars
Catholic priests sent to convert natives to Catholic religion.
Christopher Columbus
October 1492-1502, 4 voyages of the Italian, sailing under the flag of Spain, began European exploration of the Americas. Made a permanent colony on an island of the West Indies. Lead to the misnaming of natives called Indians because he believed he had found a western route to Asia in search of spices and treasures. Convinced the King and Queen of Spain to finance his voyages with the promise of riches, conversion of natives, and conquering new lands. Major claim to fame is that he proved that the world was not flat and discovery of the New World.
Hernan Cortez
February 1519, conquered the Aztec tribe of Tenochtitlan which became Mexico City under Spanish rule.
Alonso Alvarez de PINEDA
1519, first European to explore the Texas coast. Claimed Texas for Spain and mapped the Texas coastline for future explorations.
Estevanico
First Black man or African to enter Texas as part of Cabeza de Vaca’s crew. Became highly regarded as a guide and shaman among the natives.
Alvar Nunez CABEZA DE VACA
1528-1536, Spanish Conquistador explored from Florida to Mexico, first to set foot in Texas as he was shipwrecked near Galveston on Malhado, Island of Misfortune. Befriended the Karankawas to survive became known as a trader and shaman to the natives. Recounted huge “cows” with small horns (buffalo) and described Texas as “vast and handsome” and “very fertile” lands.
Panfilo de NARVEZ
1528, Spanish Conquistador exploring from Florida to Mexico. Shipwrecked along with Cabeza de Vaca along the Texas coast. Many explorers died of disease and exposure within the first few months and spread disease among the natives.
Viceroy
Highest ranking government official in New Spain who represents the monarch.
Anthony Mendoza
Cibola
Fabled lands of seven cities rich in gold, silver and precious gems
pueblo
A series of connected flat-roofed buildings in present day Arizona and New Mexico.
Francisco Vazquez de CORONADO
1540, Spanish Conquistador in search of Cibola and Quivira, explored the Texas Plains as well as parts of Oklahoma, New Mexico and Arizona. Fray Marcos and native guide, El Turcos or The Turk, travelled with soldiers. Named the staked plains-Llano Estacado, Palo Duro Canyon and the Rio Grande. Spain’s claim to the Texas panhandle and central Texas.
New Mexico
Colony established in 1609 by a group of Spanish settlers on the upper Rio Grande with Santa Fe as its capital city.
DeSoto/Moscoso
Led Spanish expedition inland from Florida to the Mississippi River by 1541 where he died in the spring of 1542. Moscoso took over expedition and led into East Texas as far as the lower Brazos River and back to the Mississippi River. Spain’s claim to East Texas.
Rene Robert Caveliar Sieur de LA SALLE
1685-1687, first European to navigate the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico. Claimed the entire inland region surrounding the Mississippi and named the land Louisiana in honor of the French King, Louis XIV. French claims to explored lands in part of East Texas due to storm sending ships past Mississippi along Texas coast, landed in Matagorda Bay and built Ft. St. Louis. Murdered by his crew on March 19, 1687 in East Texas by the Trinity River. Ft. St. Louis attacked by Karankawas on Christmas of 1688.
Main importance to Texas is French claims shifted Spain’s focus from western to eastern Texas!
His ship the Belle was discovered in 1995 in Matagorda Bay and is being studied by archeologists and historians.
Also US claims to Texas as part of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, led to border dispute between US and Spain.
Don Juan de ORNATE
1598, Spanish explorer founded first permanent settlement in the upper Rio Grande, named El Paso de Norte (El Paso). Spanish claims to west Texas.
stockade
An enclosure of posts made to form a defense on the banks of a small river.
sandbar
ridge of sand built up by currents in a river or coastal waters
Expedition
A journey or trip to explore and meet some goal in a new location.
French claims in East Texas
French claims caused Spanish to begin building settlements with missions to convert natives and presidios to house the soldiers beginning in 1690 in eastern parts of Texas.
