UNIT 2- AC 2 Flashcards
AC 2.1- MONOZYGOTIC/DIZYGOTIC:
-identical
-fraternal
AC 2.1- CONCORDANCE RATE/PET SCAN/PHYSIOLOGICAL:
-statistical measurement that describes how a pair of people share a trait or disorder
-imaging test that uses radioactive material to diagnose, monitor, treat a variety of diseases
-branch of biology that deals with normal functions of organisms & their parts
AC 2.1- ATAVISTIC/SOMATOTYPE:
-primitive features (throwback to a more primitive man)
-body shape/type
AC 2.1- ENDOMORPHIC/ECTOMORPHIC/MESOMORPHIC
-fat and soft features (body type)
-thin and fragile features (body type)
-muscular and hard features (body type)
AC 2.1- LOMBROSO facts and findings
-argued that criminals can be determined due to their features,instincts, mental capabilities (atavistic) by conducting studies on dead and alive criminals
-females were considered “doubly deviant” if a criminal as they were born to be subservient
-characteristics include: long arms & legs, big forehead, big lips, big ears, big brow bone, square jaw (must have 5 or more)
-later said there were three types: born, insane,criminaloids
AC 2.1- Lombroso evaluation (strengths)
-first person to scientifically study criminality
-argued crime isn’t always a free choice and can be determined by biology
-supported by further research (Charles Goring- 1913)
AC 2.1- Lombroso evaluation (limitations)
-he didn’t use a control group to see if features could exist in non-criminals
-not everyone with atavistic features are criminal/ not all criminals are atavists
-gender bias~ didn’t study women at all, only called female criminals “doubly deviant”
AC 2.1- Sheldon facts and findings
Used body types/measurements called somatotypes to determine likelihood of crime:
Endomorph (fat and soft- comfortable and outgoing)
Ectomorph (skinny and frail- introverted and thoughtful)
Mesomorph (muscular and hard- adventurous and aggressive)
-study of 200 boys at a boarding school, rated on a body type scale 1-7, more muscular boys were more deviant
-Sheldon and Glueck (1950s) 800 delinquents compared to 800 normal people- more delinquents were mesomorphs
AC 2.1- Sheldon evaluation (strengths)
-Reliability- studies have replicated and found similar results (Glueck & Glueck)
-Sheldon used a large sample of 800 and had a control group of non-offenders to compare his results to
-Sheldon found with his studies that more serious delinquents had stronger mesomorphic bodies
