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Chemistry unit 2 Nat 5 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an alkane

A

A hydrocarbon with One single bond between a hydrogen and carbon only

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2
Q

What is the general formula of a alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What does ‘Ane’ mean

A

It has a single bond

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4
Q

What is a alkene

A

It is something with a double bond between hydrogen and carbon only

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5
Q

What is the general formula of a alkene

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

What is a isomer

A

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

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7
Q

Give some side chain names

A

Methyl (one carbon) ethyl (2 carbons) propyl(3 carbons)

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8
Q

How do you count a main chain with a alkene

A

Count from the side with the double bond

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9
Q

What are the 2 ways a isomer can be in a alkene

A

Where the double bond is

where the side branch is placed

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10
Q

Where do alkene isomer start and why

A

At butene otherwise they will be the same structural formula

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11
Q

How to show where the double bond is in a alkene

A

Shown In the name of a alkene using a number like

But-1-ene (if the double bond was at the side)

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12
Q

4 Rules of alkene isomers

A

Longest chain includes double bond

Main chain is numbered from end nearest to the double bond

If the double bond is in the middle means it doesn’t work

Side groups are named FIRST when you write down the name

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13
Q

What element can you not do a hydro carbon ring with?

A

Ethane

creates a double bond NOT a ring

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14
Q

When is it a cycloalkane

A

When the cycle alkene creates a ring with all single bonds

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15
Q

When is it a cycloalkene

A

When it creates a ring with one double bond

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16
Q

What is the general formula for alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

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17
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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18
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkenes

A

CnH2n-2

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19
Q

What is a endothermic reaction

A

Is when it takes in heat or energy

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20
Q

What is a exothermic reaction

A

When it gives out heat or energy

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21
Q

What happens to the bonds in combustion

A

It is when all bonds break

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22
Q

What does hydrocarbon + oxygen give you

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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23
Q

What is combustion

A

Combustion is the burning in air

it is a exothermic reaction

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24
Q

What equation does incomplete combustion make

A

Methane + oxygen makes carbon dioxide + water

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25
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide

A

See if it turn colourless to lime water cloudy

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26
Q

What is a addition reaction

A

It is the breaking the double bond in a alkene and breaks the bond of a diatomic element to create a addition reaction

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27
Q

What does unsaturated mean

A

Carbon to carbon double bond

28
Q

What does saturated mean

A

Carbon to carbon to single bond

29
Q

What does a alkane do to bromine water

A

It remains a orangey brown because there is no breaking of bonds

30
Q

What does alkene do to bromine water

A

It changes bromine water to colourless because there is a breakup of bonds

31
Q

Rules of a addition reaction

A

It has to be a diatomic element to add too

And it has to have a double bond

32
Q

What Happens with a addition of water

A

When water is added to a alkene, alkanol (alcohol) is produced

33
Q

What is the addition of water to a alkene called

A

Hydration

34
Q

What is a addition of a halogen called

A

Halogenation

35
Q

What is the test for unsaturation

A

Putting a alkene in bromine water

36
Q

What is the addition reacting of hydrogen called

A

Hydrogenation

37
Q

What is catalytic cracking

A

When hydrocarbons are going to be broken down into shorter chains and more useful molecules

38
Q

What to do when setting up a catalytic cracking experiment

A

Boiling tube to be loosely clamped to stop suck back

39
Q

What do you do after cracking

A

To seperate them you use fractional distillation

40
Q

What are alcohols also known as

A

Alkanols

41
Q

What group are the alcohols in

A

The homologous series

42
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

43
Q

What is the most common alcohol

A

ethanol

44
Q

Definition of homologous series

A

A group of chemically similar compounds which can be represented by a general formula

45
Q

How do you count the main chain in alcohols

A

You count from the OH side

46
Q

Are alcohols flammable

A

Yes they are flammable

they burn in oxygen to create a exothermic reaction

47
Q

How to calculate the energy released when fuels burn

A

Energy released (Eh) = specific heat capacity (c) X mass is water X the change in temperature

48
Q

How to get the mass in water

A

100cm=0.1 Kg so you divide it by 1000

49
Q

Why is using a copper can better when measuring energy released

A

Because copper can conduct and make it hotter

Because if the use of a heat shield as it blocks out any drafts and helps heat not escape

50
Q

Why is using a glass beaker worse when measuring the energy released

A

Because glass is a insulator

Because the tripod and heat are further away from each other

51
Q

How do you tell if it’s in the carboxyl group

A

If it has a double bind is oxygen coming if it and OH also coming off it

52
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids

A

CnH2n+1COOH

53
Q

What does molecules that are carboxylic acids end in

A

‘OIC acid’

54
Q

What is the most widely used carboxylic acid

A

Vinegar

55
Q

What family’s are all neutral

A

Alkanes alkenes and alcohols

56
Q

What family is acidic

A

Carboxylic acid

57
Q

Name a biofuel

A

Wood

58
Q

What are alkanes often used for

A

Fuels

59
Q

Are alkanes soluable or insoluble in water

A

In soluable in water

60
Q

What are alkanes used for

A

Polymers and alchol

61
Q

What happens as alcohols increase in size and why

A

Their melting and boiling points increase due to the strength of their intermolecular forces

62
Q

Are alcohols and carboxylic acids saturated or unsaturated

A

Saturated

63
Q

What happens in combustion

A

Substances react with oxygen and releases energy

64
Q

What is the functional group for alcohols

A

Hydroxyl

65
Q

What is the functional group for carboxylic acid

A

Carboxyl

Chemistry unit 2 Nat 5 (1 decks)

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