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Chemistry unit 2 Nat 5 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alkane

A

A hydrocarbon with One single bond between a hydrogen and carbon only

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2
Q

What is the general formula of a alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What does ‘Ane’ mean

A

It has a single bond

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4
Q

What is a alkene

A

It is something with a double bond between hydrogen and carbon only

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5
Q

What is the general formula of a alkene

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

What is a isomer

A

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

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7
Q

Give some side chain names

A

Methyl (one carbon) ethyl (2 carbons) propyl(3 carbons)

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8
Q

How do you count a main chain with a alkene

A

Count from the side with the double bond

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9
Q

What are the 2 ways a isomer can be in a alkene

A

Where the double bond is

where the side branch is placed

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10
Q

Where do alkene isomer start and why

A

At butene otherwise they will be the same structural formula

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11
Q

How to show where the double bond is in a alkene

A

Shown In the name of a alkene using a number like

But-1-ene (if the double bond was at the side)

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12
Q

4 Rules of alkene isomers

A

Longest chain includes double bond

Main chain is numbered from end nearest to the double bond

If the double bond is in the middle means it doesn’t work

Side groups are named FIRST when you write down the name

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13
Q

What element can you not do a hydro carbon ring with?

A

Ethane

creates a double bond NOT a ring

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14
Q

When is it a cycloalkane

A

When the cycle alkene creates a ring with all single bonds

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15
Q

When is it a cycloalkene

A

When it creates a ring with one double bond

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16
Q

What is the general formula for alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

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17
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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18
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkenes

A

CnH2n-2

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19
Q

What is a endothermic reaction

A

Is when it takes in heat or energy

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20
Q

What is a exothermic reaction

A

When it gives out heat or energy

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21
Q

What happens to the bonds in combustion

A

It is when all bonds break

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22
Q

What does hydrocarbon + oxygen give you

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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23
Q

What is combustion

A

Combustion is the burning in air

it is a exothermic reaction

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24
Q

What equation does incomplete combustion make

A

Methane + oxygen makes carbon dioxide + water

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25
How to test for carbon dioxide
See if it turn colourless to lime water cloudy
26
What is a addition reaction
It is the breaking the double bond in a alkene and breaks the bond of a diatomic element to create a addition reaction
27
What does unsaturated mean
Carbon to carbon double bond
28
What does saturated mean
Carbon to carbon to single bond
29
What does a alkane do to bromine water
It remains a orangey brown because there is no breaking of bonds
30
What does alkene do to bromine water
It changes bromine water to colourless because there is a breakup of bonds
31
Rules of a addition reaction
It has to be a diatomic element to add too | And it has to have a double bond
32
What Happens with a addition of water
When water is added to a alkene, alkanol (alcohol) is produced
33
What is the addition of water to a alkene called
Hydration
34
What is a addition of a halogen called
Halogenation
35
What is the test for unsaturation
Putting a alkene in bromine water
36
What is the addition reacting of hydrogen called
Hydrogenation
37
What is catalytic cracking
When hydrocarbons are going to be broken down into shorter chains and more useful molecules
38
What to do when setting up a catalytic cracking experiment
Boiling tube to be loosely clamped to stop suck back
39
What do you do after cracking
To seperate them you use fractional distillation
40
What are alcohols also known as
Alkanols
41
What group are the alcohols in
The homologous series
42
What is the general formula of alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
43
What is the most common alcohol
ethanol
44
Definition of homologous series
A group of chemically similar compounds which can be represented by a general formula
45
How do you count the main chain in alcohols
You count from the OH side
46
Are alcohols flammable
Yes they are flammable | they burn in oxygen to create a exothermic reaction
47
How to calculate the energy released when fuels burn
Energy released (Eh) = specific heat capacity (c) X mass is water X the change in temperature
48
How to get the mass in water
100cm=0.1 Kg so you divide it by 1000
49
Why is using a copper can better when measuring energy released
Because copper can conduct and make it hotter | Because if the use of a heat shield as it blocks out any drafts and helps heat not escape
50
Why is using a glass beaker worse when measuring the energy released
Because glass is a insulator | Because the tripod and heat are further away from each other
51
How do you tell if it’s in the carboxyl group
If it has a double bind is oxygen coming if it and OH also coming off it
52
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids
CnH2n+1COOH
53
What does molecules that are carboxylic acids end in
‘OIC acid’
54
What is the most widely used carboxylic acid
Vinegar
55
What family’s are all neutral
Alkanes alkenes and alcohols
56
What family is acidic
Carboxylic acid
57
Name a biofuel
Wood
58
What are alkanes often used for
Fuels
59
Are alkanes soluable or insoluble in water
In soluable in water
60
What are alkanes used for
Polymers and alchol
61
What happens as alcohols increase in size and why
Their melting and boiling points increase due to the strength of their intermolecular forces
62
Are alcohols and carboxylic acids saturated or unsaturated
Saturated
63
What happens in combustion
Substances react with oxygen and releases energy
64
What is the functional group for alcohols
Hydroxyl
65
What is the functional group for carboxylic acid
Carboxyl

Chemistry unit 2 Nat 5 (1 decks)

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