Unit 2

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1.

Question 2

What is the name of the enzyme that can break down cellulose?

Answer 2

Cellulase

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a macrobiomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents. Non-polar solvents are typically hydrocarbons used to dissolve other naturally occurring hydrocarbon.

Question 4

Nucleic Acids

Answer 4

Nucleic acids are the biopolymers, or large biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life. The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and RNA. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 5

Proteins

Answer 5

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are nucleic acids.

Question 7

RNA

Answer 7

Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, nucleic acids constitute one of the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.

Question 8

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 8

In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a conversion that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule or ion. Dehydration reactions are common processes, the reverse of a hydration reaction. Common dehydrating agents used in organic synthesis include sulfuric acid and alumina.

Question 9

What type of animals make cellulase?

Answer 9

Microorganisms in termite guts

Question 10

What functional group allows sugar to dissolve in water?

Answer 10

Hydroxyl

Question 11

which part of fatty acids are hydrophobic? which part behaves like an acid?

Answer 11

The hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic and the carboxyl group behaves like an acid by donating a proton in solution

Question 12

The ester linkage forms between which two functional groups?

Answer 12

carboxyl and hydroxyl

Question 13

How many water molecules are generated as a result of the ester linkages in a triglyceride?

Answer 13

3 water molecules all together

Question 14

Explain why glucose and amino acids do not require a lipoprotein complex to be transported in the blood.

Answer 14

Glucose and amino acids have hydrophilic functional groups attached to their carbon skeletons and can dissolve in water.

Question 15

what is the name for RNA that acts like an enzyme?

Answer 15

Ribozyme

Question 16

What to types of bonds can form between cysteine amino acids?

Answer 16

Peptide bonds and disulfide bridges

Question 17

What is the significance that RNA can act like a protein enzyme and catalyze covalent bond formation?

Answer 17

Ribosomes are found on all life on earth and existed early in the evolution life. RNA is postulated to have preceded DNA and its ability to catalyze bond formation would have been critical in the evolution of protein synthesis.