Unit 2 Flashcards
Scoliosis:
definition
a lateral curve of the spine greater than 10 degrees of deviation from straight
5-6 y/o Physical Exam
Measure Blood pressure – compare with norms
Measure & Plot: Height, weight, and BMI
Assess/Observe: ocular motility, caries, gingival
inflammation, malocclusion; fine/gross motor
skills, gait
7-8 y/o Physical Exam
Measure Blood pressure – compare with norms
Measure & Plot: Height, weight, and BMI
Assess/Observe: caries, gingivitis, malocclusion;
SMR; hip, knee, ankle function and gait
9-10 y/o Physical Exam
Measure Blood pressure – compare with norms
Measure & Plot: Height, weight, and BMI
Assess/Observe: signs of self-injury, SMR
Examine: back
11-14 y/o Physical Exam
Measure Blood pressure – compare with norms
Measure & Plot: Height, weight, and BMI
Assess/Observe: acne, acanthosis nigricans,
atypical nevi, piercings, signs of abuse or selfinjury
Examine: back, spine
Females: assess breast by inspection / palpation;
assess/observe for SMR
Males: assess/observe for gynecomastia; SMR;
testicular hydrocele, hernias, varicocele, masses
15-17 y/o Physical Exam
Measure Blood pressure – compare with norms
Measure & Plot: Height, weight, and BMI
Assess/Observe: acne, acanthosis nigricans,
atypical nevi, piercings, signs of abuse or selfinjury
Examine: back, spine
Females: assess/observe for SMR
Males: assess/observe for gynecomastia; SMR;
testicular hydrocele, hernias, varicocele, masses
18-21 y/o Physical Exam
Measure Blood pressure – compare with norms
Measure & Plot: Height, weight, and BMI
Assess/Observe: acne, acanthosis nigricans,
atypical nevi, piercings, hirsutism, signs of abuse
or self-injury
Females: perform pelvic exam
Males: assess/observe for gynecomastia; SMR;
testicular hydrocele, hernias, varicocele, masses
5 y/o Screenings
Universal 5yr: Hearing (audiometry), oral health (absence of dental home), vision (HOTV or LEA symbols)
6 y/o Screenings
Universal 6yr: hearing (audiometry),
vision (HOTV or LEA symptoms,
Sloan / Snellen Letters)
7 y/o Screenings
None
8 y/o Screenings
Universal 8yr: hearing (audiometry),
vision (HOTV or LEA symptoms,
Sloan / Snellen Letters
9 y/o Screening
Universal 9yr: dyslipidemia (lipid profile; once, between 9- 11yr visits)
10 y/o Screening
Universal 10yr: dyslipidemia (lipidprofile; once, 9-11yr visits); hearing (audiometry), vision (HOTV or LEA symptoms, Sloan / Snellen Letters)
Universal Screenings 11-21 y/o
Universal 11-21yr: Dyslipidemia: lipid profile (once between 9-11yr visits & 17-21yr visits) Hearing (once between 11-14yr visits; 15-17yr, 18-21yr visits) Depression screen (begins at 12yr) Vision (12yr and 15 yr; HOTV or LEA symptoms, Sloan / Snellen Letters) HIV test (once between 15-18yr visits) Tobacco, alcohol, or drug use (begins at 15yr visit) Cervical dysplasia (pap smear; all young women @ 21yr visit)
3 leading causes of adolescent MORTALITY
- unintentional injury (MVC, poisoning/drug OD)
- suicide (guns)
- homicide (guns)
males>females
MVC decreasing, suicide increasing
major causes of MORBIDITY in adolescents
psychosocial and often r/t poverty:
- unintended pregnancy
- STI
- substance abuse
- smoking
- dropping our of school
- depression
- running away from home
- physical violence
- juvenile delinquency
high risk behavior in one are often associated with problems in another
Sexual Maturity Rating
tool used to categorize genital development
- the appearance of pubic hair precedes axillary hair by 1 year
SMR 1: pre-puberty
SMR 2: pubic hair is sparse, fine, non pigmented, and downy; male genitalia development begins
SMR 3: pubic hair is pigmented and curly, increases in amount
SMR 4: pubis hair is adult in texture but limited in area
SMR 5: adult maturity
first sign of puberty in girls
measurable: height spurt
conspicuous: breast buds (8-11 y/o)
height spurt correlates more closely with breast development stages than pubic hair
firs sign of puberty in boys
scrotal and testicular growth
boys: mid puberty signs
axillary hair
depended voice
chest hair
puberty growth spurts
girls peak 11.5-12 y/o
boys peak 13.5-14 y/o
happens in girls 2 years before boys
lasts about 2-4 years, longer in boys than girls
psychosocial development:
early adolescence
(10-13 y/o)
Rapid growth and secondary sex characteristics.
Feel more comfortable with
same sex.
Think concretely and don’t think about the future.
Vague and unrealistic professional goals.
psychosocial development:
middle adolescence
(14-16 y/o)
Become more comfortable with their bodies.
Mood swings are typical.
Formal operations and abstract thinking.
They think the world can change by just thinking about it.
Sexually active and don’t think they need to use
contraception.
Self-centered at times.
Different self-images.
They want to be independent and autonomous
psychosocial development:
lte adolescence
(>17 y/o)
Becomes less self-centered and cares for others.
Dating becomes more
intimate.
By 10th grade, 40% have had sex and by 12th grade, 62% have had
sex.
Abstract thinking and plan for the future.
Period of idealism.