Unit 2

Question 1

Taxon

Answer 1

> Greek, {tax/tact} to arrange in order + {on} a division or unit

Question 2

{kary/cary}

Answer 2

from Greek κάρυον, which means “nut,” but in biology = “nucleus.”
(“nucleus” >Latin, ‘kernel’)

Question 3

eukaryote

Answer 3

–{eu} = “good,” “well” (sometimes “genuine”)–{-ote} = a single example of a taxonomic group whose name ends in {-ota}.
A eukaryote is an organism with genuine nuclei in its cells. The plural is eukaryota.

Question 4

karyogamy

Answer 4

–{kary} = “nucleus”–{gam} = “marriage”–{y} makes nouns.

Karyogamy occurs when two nuclei merge (‘marry’) into one, as when the nucleus of a sperm merges with that of an egg.

Question 5

dikaryotic

Answer 5

{di}-two, {kary}-nucleus, a cell with two nuclei

Question 6

{phy}, < Greek {φυ}

Answer 6

‘bring forth, bear, grow’

Question 7

phylum < Greek φῦλον

Answer 7

tribe ({-ον} {-on}= thing) (Things that grow together)

Question 8

{phyto-/-phyte}

Answer 8

plant

Question 9

phytoplankton

Answer 9

< {plankt} = wander and {-ον} = thing; ‘wandering plant thing’

Question 10

zoophyte

Answer 10

< {ζῳο} {zoo/zo} = animal; ‘animal-plant’

Question 11

epiphyte

Answer 11

< {ἐπί}{epi} = on, upon; a plant that grows on another plant for support

Question 12

endophyte

Answer 12

< {ἔνδο(ν)} {endo} = within, ‘a plant that is inside’, often fungi in a symbiotic relationship with a plant

Question 13

neophyte

Answer 13

{neo}–new, ‘someone who is new to something’

Question 14

Physics

Answer 14

φύσιςis the Greek word for ‘nature.’Made from the morpheme {phy}, φύσις denotes birth, origin, and growth.

Question 15

natura

Answer 15

the Latin word for nature, ‘natura’ is connected etymologically with ‘birth’ ({nat} = birth)

Question 16

̓

Answer 16

smooth breathing; is ignored in pronunciation:
–ἐν pronounced en (= ‘in’)
–ἐξ pronounced ex (= ‘out’)

Question 17

̔

Answer 17

rough breathing; indicates that the word begins with an ‘h’ sound:
–ὡς pronounced hōs(= ‘as’)
–ἡ pronounced hē (= ‘the’)

Question 18

Diphthong

Answer 18

< Greek di-, “two,” and phthongos, “sound”

Question 19

αι

Answer 19

Diphthong pronounced like ‘eye’

Question 20

αυ

Answer 20

Diphthong pronounced like ‘ow’ in ‘cow’

Question 21

ει

Answer 21

Diphthong pronounced like ‘ey’ in ‘they’

Question 22

ευ

Answer 22

Diphthong pronounced like a blend of ε and υ; ‘eh-oo’