Unit 2 Flashcards
Taxon
> Greek, {tax/tact} to arrange in order + {on} a division or unit
{kary/cary}
from Greek κάρυον, which means “nut,” but in biology = “nucleus.”
(“nucleus” >Latin, ‘kernel’)
eukaryote
–{eu} = “good,” “well” (sometimes “genuine”)–{-ote} = a single example of a taxonomic group whose name ends in {-ota}.
A eukaryote is an organism with genuine nuclei in its cells. The plural is eukaryota.
karyogamy
–{kary} = “nucleus”–{gam} = “marriage”–{y} makes nouns.
Karyogamy occurs when two nuclei merge (‘marry’) into one, as when the nucleus of a sperm merges with that of an egg.
dikaryotic
{di}-two, {kary}-nucleus, a cell with two nuclei
{phy}, < Greek {φυ}
‘bring forth, bear, grow’
phylum < Greek φῦλον
tribe ({-ον} {-on}= thing) (Things that grow together)
{phyto-/-phyte}
plant
phytoplankton
< {plankt} = wander and {-ον} = thing; ‘wandering plant thing’
zoophyte
< {ζῳο} {zoo/zo} = animal; ‘animal-plant’
epiphyte
< {ἐπί}{epi} = on, upon; a plant that grows on another plant for support
endophyte
< {ἔνδο(ν)} {endo} = within, ‘a plant that is inside’, often fungi in a symbiotic relationship with a plant
neophyte
{neo}–new, ‘someone who is new to something’
Physics
φύσιςis the Greek word for ‘nature.’Made from the morpheme {phy}, φύσις denotes birth, origin, and growth.
natura
the Latin word for nature, ‘natura’ is connected etymologically with ‘birth’ ({nat} = birth)
̓
smooth breathing; is ignored in pronunciation:
–ἐν pronounced en (= ‘in’)
–ἐξ pronounced ex (= ‘out’)
̔
rough breathing; indicates that the word begins with an ‘h’ sound:
–ὡς pronounced hōs(= ‘as’)
–ἡ pronounced hē (= ‘the’)
Diphthong
< Greek di-, “two,” and phthongos, “sound”
αι
Diphthong pronounced like ‘eye’
αυ
Diphthong pronounced like ‘ow’ in ‘cow’
ει
Diphthong pronounced like ‘ey’ in ‘they’
ευ
Diphthong pronounced like a blend of ε and υ; ‘eh-oo’
