Unit 2

Question 1

How are insouble salts made ?

Answer 1

By the precipitation reaction between 2 solutions

Question 2

How is a salt formed?

Answer 2

When the hydrogen ion is removed from an acid and replaced by a metal ion.

Question 3

What is a fuel ?

Answer 3

A fuel is a substance that burns releasing energy

Question 4

How is a fossil fuel formed (coal)

Answer 4

When trees died and fell into swamp land. A build up of layers over millions of years.

Question 5

How is oil and gas made

Answer 5

The remains of sea creatures and plants died and sunk to the sea bed. Build up of layers over millions of years.

Question 6

What does incomplete combustion produce

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide, water and carbon monoxide

Spot can also be produced

Question 7

What is a homogous

Answer 7

A family of chemical compounds with the same general formula + similar chemical + physical properties

Question 8

What is an alkanes general formula

Answer 8

CnH2n+2

Question 9

What is the general formula for alkenes

Answer 9

CnH2n

Question 10

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes

Answer 10

CnH2n

Question 11

What’s the formula for methyl

Answer 11

CH3

Question 12

What’s the formula for ethyl

Answer 12

C2H5

Question 13

What is the test for saturation

Answer 13

Adding bromine water (brown) to an Alkene will make the solution decolourise rapidly

An alkane takes much longer

Question 14

A hydrocarbon with no c=c is said to be

Alkanes and cycloalkanes

Answer 14

Saturated

Question 15

A hydrocarbon with at least 1 c=c is said to be

Alkenes

Answer 15

Unsaturated

Question 16

What is an isomer

Answer 16

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but have a different structural formula or

The same number of carbons and hydrogens but a different shape

Question 17

What do alkenes use in Addition reactions

Answer 17

Hydrogen, halogens and water

Question 18

Addition reactions with hydrogen is called

Answer 18

Hydrogenation

Question 19

Addition reactions with halogens form

Answer 19

Dihaloalkanes

Question 20

Addition reactions with water is called

Answer 20

Hydration

Question 21

Addition reactions with water form

Answer 21

Alcohols

Question 22

What are carbohydrates

Answer 22

Compounds that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 23

Do carbohydrates provide energy

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What is the test for sugar

Answer 24

Add Benedicts and place in a hot water bath.

If sugar is present then the colour changes from blue to orange.

Question 25

What is the test for starch

Answer 25

Adding iodine to starch produces the colour change from brown to blue/black.

Question 26

What can a carbohydrate be used for

Answer 26

For energy or can be used to produce fuels such as alcohols.

Question 27

What is the equation for fermentation

Answer 27

Glucose ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 28

What heat is fermentation carried out at

Answer 28

30/40°c

Question 29

What does distilling alcohol do

Answer 29

Removes water and increases the alcohol content

Question 30

What are alcohols also known as

Answer 30

Alkanols

Question 31

What is the general formula for alcohols

Answer 31

CnH2n+1OH

Question 32

What is propan-2-ol used for

Answer 32

Hand gels and disinfectant wipes

Question 33

Why are alcohols useful as fuels

Answer 33

They are highly flammable and burn cleanly

Question 34

The smallest alcohols are what in water ?

Answer 34

Miscible

Question 35

When carboxylate acid reacts with an alcohol what is formed

Answer 35

An ester

Question 36

What is an alcohol

Answer 36

A carbon compound which contains the hydroxyl group

Question 37

What does a carboxylic acid have

Answer 37

Functional group called the carboxyl group -COOH

Question 38

What are carbonxylic acids known as

Answer 38

Alkanoic acids

Question 39

What do carboxylic acids names end in

Answer 39

’-oic acid’

Question 40

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids

Answer 40

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 41

When naming carboxylic acids where is the position of the carboxyl

Answer 41

Always on the end

Question 42

What is one of the most widely used carboxylic acids

Answer 42

Ethanoic acid - vinegar

Question 43

What is ethanoic acid used in

Answer 43

Used in chemicals to treat limescale in bathrooms or inside kettles

Question 44

What PH do carboxylic acids have

Answer 44

Less than PH7

Question 45

What do carboxylic acids form when neutralising with bases

Answer 45

Salts

Question 46

Alcohols that are _______ create carboxyl acids

Answer 46

Oxidised