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Chemistry Nat5 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are insouble salts made ?

A

By the precipitation reaction between 2 solutions

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2
Q

How is a salt formed?

A

When the hydrogen ion is removed from an acid and replaced by a metal ion.

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3
Q

What is a fuel ?

A

A fuel is a substance that burns releasing energy

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4
Q

How is a fossil fuel formed (coal)

A

When trees died and fell into swamp land. A build up of layers over millions of years.

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5
Q

How is oil and gas made

A

The remains of sea creatures and plants died and sunk to the sea bed. Build up of layers over millions of years.

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6
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce

A

Carbon dioxide, water and carbon monoxide

Spot can also be produced

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7
Q

What is a homogous

A

A family of chemical compounds with the same general formula + similar chemical + physical properties

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8
Q

What is an alkanes general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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9
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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10
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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11
Q

What’s the formula for methyl

A

CH3

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12
Q

What’s the formula for ethyl

A

C2H5

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13
Q

What is the test for saturation

A

Adding bromine water (brown) to an Alkene will make the solution decolourise rapidly

An alkane takes much longer

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14
Q

A hydrocarbon with no c=c is said to be

Alkanes and cycloalkanes

A

Saturated

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15
Q

A hydrocarbon with at least 1 c=c is said to be

Alkenes

A

Unsaturated

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16
Q

What is an isomer

A

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but have a different structural formula or

The same number of carbons and hydrogens but a different shape

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17
Q

What do alkenes use in Addition reactions

A

Hydrogen, halogens and water

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18
Q

Addition reactions with hydrogen is called

A

Hydrogenation

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19
Q

Addition reactions with halogens form

A

Dihaloalkanes

20
Q

Addition reactions with water is called

A

Hydration

21
Q

Addition reactions with water form

A

Alcohols

22
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

Compounds that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

23
Q

Do carbohydrates provide energy

A

Yes

24
Q

What is the test for sugar

A

Add Benedicts and place in a hot water bath.

If sugar is present then the colour changes from blue to orange.

25
Q

What is the test for starch

A

Adding iodine to starch produces the colour change from brown to blue/black.

26
Q

What can a carbohydrate be used for

A

For energy or can be used to produce fuels such as alcohols.

27
Q

What is the equation for fermentation

A

Glucose ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide

28
Q

What heat is fermentation carried out at

A

30/40°c

29
Q

What does distilling alcohol do

A

Removes water and increases the alcohol content

30
Q

What are alcohols also known as

A

Alkanols

31
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

32
Q

What is propan-2-ol used for

A

Hand gels and disinfectant wipes

33
Q

Why are alcohols useful as fuels

A

They are highly flammable and burn cleanly

34
Q

The smallest alcohols are what in water ?

A

Miscible

35
Q

When carboxylate acid reacts with an alcohol what is formed

A

An ester

36
Q

What is an alcohol

A

A carbon compound which contains the hydroxyl group

37
Q

What does a carboxylic acid have

A

Functional group called the carboxyl group -COOH

38
Q

What are carbonxylic acids known as

A

Alkanoic acids

39
Q

What do carboxylic acids names end in

A

’-oic acid’

40
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids

A

CnH2n+1COOH

41
Q

When naming carboxylic acids where is the position of the carboxyl

A

Always on the end

42
Q

What is one of the most widely used carboxylic acids

A

Ethanoic acid - vinegar

43
Q

What is ethanoic acid used in

A

Used in chemicals to treat limescale in bathrooms or inside kettles

44
Q

What PH do carboxylic acids have

A

Less than PH7

45
Q

What do carboxylic acids form when neutralising with bases

A

Salts

46
Q

Alcohols that are _______ create carboxyl acids

A

Oxidised

Chemistry Nat5 (3 decks)

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