Unit 2 Flashcards
Differential reinforcement
Process that consist of reinforcement and
extinction that may result in either
differentiation or discrimination.
Two operations of differential reinforcement
Reinforcement
Extinction
Differentiation
Results when differential reinforcement
consists of reinforcing one response while
placing a second response on extinction.
Discrimination
Results when differential reinforcement
consists of reinforcing a response when
certain stimuli are present and not reinforcing
the same response when those stimuli are
not present.
Simultaneous discrimination training
Both the SD and SΔ stimulus conditions are
presented to the learner at the same time
Discrimination training
Reinforce a response in the presence of a
stimulus, but not in the absence of that stimulus
Stimulus control
A situation in which the frequency, latency,
duration, or amplitude of a behavior is
altered by the presence or absence of an
antecedent stimulus
Discrimination training results in:
Stimulus control
Model
An antecedent stimulus that evokes the
imitative behavior
Planned models
Prearranged antecedent stimuli that facilitate new skills
Unplanned models
All antecedent stimuli with the capacity to
evoke imitation
Imitation training
Teaching the learner to imitate or do exactly
what the person providing the models is doing
Types of imitation
Fine motor
Gross motor
Object imitation
High probability request sequence
An antecedent manipulation in which 2-5 easy/known tasks are presented in quick succession immediately prior to a difficult/ high effort task or a response that is relatively infrequent
Listener responding
Following directions or complying with
requests of others
Feature
The parts of items and descriptions of items
Function
The actions that typically go with the items or
what one does with the items and classes
Class
The group(s) the items belong
Errorless teaching
Procedure in which the prompt is provided
right away.
Differential outcomes procedure
Different reinforcers are provided in a
discrimination task each of which is
correlated with a given stimulus.
Differential outcomes can be effective in…
Difficult discrimination tasks
Discrete trial teaching
Antecedents are presented; teacher waits for
the learner to respond, learner responds,
and teacher provides consequence
contingent on the learner’s response
Components of a discrete trial
An antecedent stimulus that sets the occasion for the learner’s response
A response by the learner
A teacher provided consequence for the
learner’s response
Task Interspersal
Programming mastered items or tasks in
between acquisition trials during discrete trial
instruction
Incidental teaching
One or more cues occur or motivating operations are captured in a naturally-
occurring situation. Naturally-occurring consequences are delivered contingent on
learner’s response.
Capturing
Taking advantage of a teaching situation that
arises without warning in the natural setting
Contriving
Setting up a pre-arranged teaching opportunity
DTT often results in:
Rapid rate of acquisition
IT/ NET often results in
Stimulus generalization and induction
